港口环境风险管理探讨——以天津港为例

中国是一个海洋大国,海洋和港口的环境保护得到了国家的高度重视。港口的环境风险防范管理是一个较新的研究领域,当前中国港口经济的高速增长必然带来港口环境风险的增加,对风险进行有效地评价和管理对国家的经济发展和环境保护具有重要意义。本文对天津港环境风险管理的过程进行了较为系统的探讨,分析了天津港环境风险管理技术思路和主要内容,对天津港存在的环境风险因子做了识别,并对环境风险的评估方法做了针对性总结,为港口的风险防范措施提供了一些建议。     

Cationic organobismuth complex as an effective catalyst for conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates

In order to achieve high-efficiency conversion of CO₂ into valuable chemicals, and to exploit new applications of organobismuth compounds, cationic organobismuth complex with 5,6,7,12-tetrahydrodibenz[c,f][1,5] azabismocine framework was examined for the first time for the coupling of CO₂ into cyclic carbonates, using terminal epoxides as substrates and tetrabutylammonium halide as co-catalyst in a solvent-free environment under mild conditions. It is shown that the catalyst exhibited high activity and selectivity for the coupling reaction of CO₂ with a wide range of terminal epoxide. The selectivity of propylene carbonates could reach 100%, and the maximum turnover frequency was up to 10740 h⁻¹ at 120°C and 3 MPa CO₂ pressure when tetrabutylammonium iodide was used as co-catalyst. Moreover, the catalyst is environment friendly, resistant to air and water, and can be readily reused and recycled without any loss of activity, demonstrating a potential in industrial application.     

碳排放权配额管理体系的比较和借鉴

在地方性试点的基础上,我国已在电力行业启动全国性碳排放权交易市场建设。配额管理不仅直接影响参与者的经济利益,还决定着碳排放权交易机制能否成功建立和持续运行。从配额总量设定、地区和企业层面的配额分配、配额的调控和灵活管理机制等角度总结比较了各国碳排放权配额管理制度设计的经验教训,并从五个方面提出了对我国全国性碳交易市场建设的启示。     

落实排污单位主体责任,全面推进排污许可制度改革——对《水污染防治行动计划》的解读

《水污染防治行动计划》提出要全面推行排污许可制度。文章指出法律约束力不强、制度定位不明确、许可量核定方法不统一是现行排污许可制度未发挥效用的主要原因,进而对许可条件、许可内容、许可量核定等关键问题进行了分析。根据前述分析,文章提出推进排污许可制度改革的建议,应当构建基于排污许可的点源污染管理体系,以排放量核算为重点,结合总量控制制度、排污权交易制度,强调落实排污单位主体责任,严格执法与处罚。     

Emission inventory evaluation using observations of regional atmospheric background stations of China

Any accurate simulation of regional air quality by numerical models entails accurate and up-to-date emissions data for that region.The INTEX-B2006 (I06),one of the newest emission inventories recently popularly used in China and East Asia,has been assessed using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model and observations from regional atmospheric background stations of China.Comparisons of the model results with the observations for the species SO2,NO 2,O 3 and CO from the three regional atmospheric background stations of Shangdianzi,Longfengshan and Linan show that the model can basically capture the temporal characteristics of observations such as the monthly,seasonal and diurnal variance trends.Compared to the other three species,the simulated CO values were grossly underestimated by about two-third or one-half of the observed values,related to the uncertainty in CO emissions.Compared to the other two stations,Shangdianzi had poorer simulations,especially for SO2 and CO,which partly resulted from the site location close to local emission sources from the Beijing area;and the regional inventory used was not capable of capturing the influencing factors of strong regional sources on stations.Generally,the fact that summer gave poor simulation,especially for SO2 and O 3,might partly relate to poor simulations of meteorological fields such as temperature and wind.     

Environmental innovation,trade openness and quality institutions: an integrated investigation about environmental sustainability

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Environmental degradation has become an important issue for countries worldwide due to increase in carbon emission in recent years. It is an important...     

基于故障树的生物质气化中毒事故BN-LOPA分析

为降低生物质气化中毒事故的概率,本文提出基于故障树的贝叶斯—保护层复合分析法(BN-LOPA),对生物质气化中毒事故进行风险分析。以辽宁省某气化站为例,通过贝叶斯网络计算出该气化站中毒事故发生概率为1.11×10^-4,基于贝叶斯网络推导出中毒事故基本事件的后验概率,得到导致事故发生的故障节点,并对其设置独立防护层,经推导计算,该气化站的气化中毒事故发生概率可降低至5.35×10^-6,风险等级从7级降至5级。结果表明:该气化站增加独立防护层后,符合安全生产的要求。