Laboratory simulation of SO2 heterogeneous reactions on hematite surface under di erent SO2 concentrations

The variations of sulfate formation and optical coe cients during SO2 heterogeneous reactions on hematite surface under di erent SO2 concentrations were examined using in situ di use reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ion chromatograph (IC). Laboratory experiments revealed that within ambient SO2 of 0.51–18.6 ppmv, sulfate product, producing velocity, absorption and backward scattering coe cients showed an increasing trend with SO2 concentration. Under given SO2 concentration, the velocity of sulfate producing performed an evolution of initial increasing, midterm decreasing and final stabilizing. The reactive uptake and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) uptake coe cients of heterogeneous reactions rose with SO2 and exhibited high reactivities. Considering global warming, this result is important for the knowledge of heterogeneous reactions of SO2 on mineral particle surface in the atmosphere and the assessment of their impacts on radiative forcing.     

公交车驾驶人历史违规数据与事故责任的随机参数模型研究

普遍认为公交车驾驶人历史违规行为是表征驾驶人风险程度的重要指标,但以往文献缺乏实证研究.为探究历史违规行为与事故责任之间的定量关系,以便更具靶向性地减少责任事故发生率,提高公交运营安全水平.基于某市461起涉及公交车的碰撞事故数据,以事故中公交驾驶人是否有责作为研究的因变量,从公交车驾驶人属性、事故特征、驾驶人前1年的历史违规行为记录、公交线路特征等方面选取16个自变量进行分析.利用随机参数模型展开研究,可以很好地解释数据中未观测到的异质性,并结合弹性分析定量分析各显著因素对公交车驾驶人发生有责事故的影响.结果表明,公交车驾驶人性别、驾驶经验、事故发生路程、事故发生地点、违章站点行为、收到投诉、发生过有责事故、发生过无责事故均会显著影响驾驶人发生有责事故的概率,其中回程、交叉口、发生过无责事故3个变量是服从正态分布的随机参数.研究结果为高风险驾驶人判别及运营安全管理提供了理论依据.     

心理与安全行为

行为科学的理论指出:人的行为受个性心理、社会、生理和环境等因素的影响.因而,生产中引起人的不安全行为、造成的人为失误和"三违"的原因是复杂的.     

上海市PM2.5的物理化学特征及其生物活性研究

采集了上海市区和郊区春季和夏季的大气PM_2.5样品,分析了市区和郊区春夏2季PM_2.5质量浓度变化的规律,使用PIXE(Proton Induced X-ray Emission)分析技术获得S、K、Ca、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Br、Sr、Pb等15种元素的质量浓度.结果表明,上海PM_2.5中化学元素的质量浓度在春季　(5?038.6 ng·m^-3) 比在夏季 (3?810.6 ng·m^-3) 高,春季郊区(2?528.9 ng·m^-3) 和市区(2?509.7 ng·m^-3) PM_2.5中化学元素的质量浓度相当,夏季市区样品 (1?674.2 ng·m^-3) 中化学元素质量浓度的总量比郊区(2?136.3 ng·m^-3) 的低,但来自人为污染的化学元素 (Cr、Mn、Ti、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Br、Sr、Pb) 在市区PM_2.5中的含量较高;场发射扫描电镜 (FESEM) 分析显示,上海PM_2.5主要由烟尘集合体、燃煤飞灰、矿物颗粒、生物质颗粒和不明物质组成,质粒DNA评价揭示上海市区PM_2.5比郊区的具有更强的生物活性,主要原因可能在于市区样品中含有较高的重金属元素和较多的烟尘集合体．     

生物质秸秆静态与动态厌氧消化产甲烷潜能对比研究

中温(32~35℃)环境下,通过对固含率为15%三种不同粒径的发酵物料(0.5 cm以下、1~2 cm、3~5 cm)的厌氧消化过程分析,并且对固含率20%、25%、30%与带消化液回流的厌氧发酵实验研究,结果表明:三种不同粒径发酵物料产气量最大的是<0.5 cm,其次依次为1~2 cm,3~5 cm,考虑到粒径小容易酸化的原因,选择秸秆厌氧消化的粒径范围0.5~2.0 cm;小麦秸秆无回流间歇发酵的产气率可达到每立方米发酵物料2~3 m3/d,带消化液回流的厌氧发酵产气率达到2.2 m3/(m3.d);初始固含率8%的发酵物料经过消化液回流、排剩,最终发酵物的固含率为16.4%;小麦秸秆无回流间歇发酵产甲烷潜能最大达249.0 m3/t,对应的固含率为25%,带消化液回流的厌氧发酵产甲烷潜能达223.06 m3/t。     

Removal of antimony from antimony mine flotation wastewater by electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes

Antimony (Sb) has received increasing environmental concerns due to its potential toxic and carcinogenic properties. In the present work, the electrocoagulation technique was used to treat the flotation wastewater from a heavy antimony polluted area, and the mechanism of removing Sb was also investigated. The study focused on the effect of operation parameters such as current density, initial pH and standing time on the Sb removal efficiency. Antimony concentration of below 1 mg/L in the treated wastewater was achieved, which meets the emission standards established by State Department of Environmental Protection and State Administration of China for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine of China.     

Nutrient distribution within and release from the contaminated sediment of Haihe River

We assessed nutrient characteristics, distributions and fractions within the disturbed and undisturbed sediments at four sampling sites within the mainstream of Haihe River. The river sediments contained mostly sand (> 60%). The fraction of clay was < 3%. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranged from 729 to 1922 mg/kg and from 692 to 1388 mg/kg, respectively. Nutrient concentrations within the sediments usually decreased with increasing depth. The TN and TP concentrations within the fine sand were higher than for that within silt. Sediment phosphorus fractions were between 2.99% and 3.37% Ex-P (exchangeable phosphorus), 7.89% and 13.71% Fe/Al-P (Fe, Al oxides bound phosphorus), 61.32% and 70.14% Ca-P (calcium-bound phosphorus), and 17.03% and 22.04% Org-P (organic phosphorus). Nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment could lead to the presence of 21.02 mg N/L and 3.10 mg P/L within the water column. A river restoration project should address the sediment nutrient stock.     

上海市土地生态环境敏感性评价

土地生态敏感性分析是当前全球环境变化研究的热点与前沿之一.文章在GIS空间分析技术支持下,从水环境、文物古迹及森林公园、土壤综合质量、地质灾害、土地利用类型和耕地地力6个方面,对上海市土地生态敏感性进行了单要素评价,并在单要素评价的基础上进行了综合评价.研究结果表明:上海市土地生态环境敏感性区域差异比较明显,不敏感区域...     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌对方铅矿的生物氧化作用初步研究

利用从大宝山尾矿库酸性矿山废水培养得到的氧化亚铁硫杆菌（A．f．菌）和方铅矿进行初始pH2．00和3．。O条件下的无菌氧化、含茵含铁氧化和含菌不含铁氧化实验。通过测定实验过程溶液的阳离子、硫酸根离子含量和pH值,实验固体产物的XRD分析和反应前后方铅矿表面的电镜扫描（SEM）对比分析,获得如下结论：（1）方铅矿在初始p...     

环境监测管理信息系统在监测质量保证和质量控制中的应用

根据环境监测质量保证和质量控制的要素和特点,在环境监测管理信息系统(EMM IS)中设计出相应模块,使得质控人员从人员、仪器设备、方法标准和实验室内的质控方法等方面非常方便快捷地判断出监测数据的是否符合。