SO2和NO2胁迫对红花荷等植物光合生理影响及抗性评价

为探讨红花荷(Rhodoleia championii)等12种园林植物抗SO2和NO2污染能力,以1～2年生实生苗为材料,通过人工气候室的盆栽实验,研究不同SO2和NO2混合气体胁迫对园林植物苗木光合参数和相对叶绿素含量的影响,并利用隶属函数法及系统聚类分析法对其抗SO2和NO2污染能力进行了综合评价。结果表明,植物叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和相对叶绿素含量基本上随着SO2和NO2胁迫的加剧而逐渐降低,但水分利用效率受净光合速率和蒸腾速率变化的影响规律不明显。综合隶属函数和聚类分析可知,红花荷和红千层(Callistemon rigidus)抗污染能力强,杜鹃红山茶(Camellia azalea)和粉红羊蹄甲(Bauhinia blakeana)抗污染能力较强,红花银桦(Grevillea robusta)和无忧树(Saraca divespierre)抗污染能力中等,大叶紫薇(Lagerstroemia speciosa)、金花风铃木(Tabebuia chrysantha)和腊肠树(Cassia fistula)抗污染能力较弱,而本地火焰木(Spathodea nilotica)、复羽叶栾树(Koelreuteria bipinnata)和樱花(Prunus serrulata)抗污染能力弱。研究结果为火电厂、陶瓷厂、钢铁厂、石化厂等重度酸污染地区植物选择提供参考。     

内循环三相生物流化床处理味精废水

利用混合异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌群在内循环三相流化床内处理实际味精废水,以火山岩为载体,考察了反应器的启动和驯化,分析了污染物进水浓度变化对处理效果影响和同步硝化反硝化效果。结果显示,经过10 d的间歇闷曝,微生物附着在载体表面,挂膜成功;经驯化可处理较高浓度的味精废水并具有较强耐冲击能力;同步好氧硝化反硝化效果良好。     

Large eddy simulation of methane–air deflagration in an obstructed chamber using different combustion models

In this paper, simulations of methane–air deflagration inside a semi-confined chamber with three solid obstacles have been carried out with large eddy simulation (LES) technique. Three sub-grid scale (SGS) combustion models, including power-law flame wrinkling model by Charlette et al., turbulent flame speed closure (TFC) model, and eddy dissipation model (EDM), are applied. All numerical results have been compared to literature experimental data. It is found that the power-law flame wrinkling model by Charlette et al. is able to better predict the generated pressure and other flame features, such as flame structure, position, speed and acceleration against measured data. Based on the power-law flame wrinkling model, the flame–vortex interaction during the deflagration progress is also investigated. The results obtained have demonstrated that higher turbulence levels, induced by obstacles, wrinkle the flame and then increase its surface area, the burning rates and the flame speed.     

安康湿地综合生态产业园规划

针对当前城市中各类湿地在经济建设浪潮中,受城市扩张的影响而逐步退缩、湿地内部生境破碎化愈益严重的局面,以安康市湿地公园为例,引入多种生态技术、结合造园手法,探寻一种兼顾湿地生态效益与城市社会经济效益的多元化利用模式。     

公共建筑室内空气污染及其控制

建筑应给人们提供良好的空气环境,以满足人体舒适和人体健康的要求。目前公共建筑室内空气污染问题正日益引起人们广泛重视。引起室内空气污染的原因主要有室内污染、室外环境因素以及暖通空调系统3个方面,其产生的污染物种类繁多。在分析产生室内空气污染物的基础上,提出了控制室内空气污染的措施及改善室内空气质量的途径。     

全程自养脱氮耦合反硝化除磷的启动及稳定运行

采用改进型ABR-MBR反应器,接种普通活性污泥,以氨氮为200 mg·L~(-1)、C/N=1的人工配水为处理对象,研究全程自养脱氮耦合反硝化除磷一体式工艺的启动及其脱氮除磷效能.控制反应器运行条件:温度为(25±1)℃,pH=7. 5±0. 2,回流比由50%逐步提升至200%.结果表明,ABR厌氧阶段消耗70%COD,使得在低DO、高氨氮下能够21 d内快速启动部分亚硝化;随后以间歇曝气(曝停比:2 h∶2 h,DO为0. 3～0. 4 mg·L~(-1))的运行方式在132 d内成功启动耦合工艺内的CANON部分,使得ABR缺氧段的电子受体中硝酸盐氮浓度稳步上升,最终于160 d成功启动耦合工艺.稳定运行后,MBR内TN去除负荷达到0. 22 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),出水各项指标COD、TN和PO_4~(3-)-P去除率分别为87. 0%、90. 4%和81. 8%.批次试验估算ABR内以硝酸氮盐为电子受体的PAOs约占PAOs的68%,系统内已培育出相互适应协作的DPAOs、AOB和An AOB菌种,具有良好同步脱氮除磷效果.     

武钢炼铁厂7~#高炉供料系统槽上除尘设计

介绍了武钢7#高炉供料系统槽上除尘设计的考虑因素,针对各种方法的优缺点,采用了槽上侧边抽风加移动式除尘通风口的除尘工艺,取得了很好的除尘效果。并给出了上料过程中产生的粉尘特性及所采用的除尘设备的主要参数,可供参考。     

海南岛北部地区酸雨的天气影响因素及污染源分析

根据2005年7月—2006年12月海口市发生的19个酸雨个例,对海南岛北部地区酸雨发生的天气背景、致酸物的源地及输送方式进行了天气学分析. 结果表明:海南岛北部地区酸雨的发生无明显季节性;影响海南岛北部地区酸雨形成的天气系统主要有6种,其中冷空气偏东型及热带气旋型2类天气系统产生的酸雨次数最多;致酸物多属远距离输送所致,主要来源于华南地区,部分来源于越南,海南岛本地污染物导致酸雨的个例很少. 海南岛北部地区酸雨的形成不仅与气象条件有关,而且与海南岛的地形地貌有关.      

固定化枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产捷安肽素

采用吸附固定化细胞技术发酵生产捷安肽素.首先对7种不同的吸附性固体载体进行筛选,发现木屑作为载体效果最好;然后通过正交优化实验和单因素实验确定载体木屑的最佳条件为:粒度0.5～0.6 mm,添加浓度10 g L-1发酵液.为避免吸附法固定的菌体细胞从载体上脱落,尝试在木屑固定化细胞体系中加入粘稠剂以增强吸附性能,运用单因素实验确定了粘稠剂的种类和浓度,即为15 g L-1海藻酸钠.最后应用响应面方法优化固定化细胞发酵培养基及培养条件,结果表明:接种量为10%、黄豆粉水解液总氮浓度为1.7 g L-1发酵液、葡萄糖浓度为33.7 g L-1发酵液时捷安肽素的生物效价最大,达到7 282.08 U,比非固定化细胞培养提高了53.9%.图3表7参17     

Field experiment on biological contact oxidation process to treat polluted river water in the Dianchi Lake watershed

In this study two types of biological contact oxidation processes (BCOP), a step-feed (SBCOP) unit and an inter-recycle (IBCOP) unit, were designed to investigate the treatment of heavily polluted river water. The Daqing River, which is the largest pollutant contributor to the Dianchi Lake, one of the most eutrophic freshwater lakes in China, was taken for the case study. It was found that the SBCOP had higher adaptability and better performance in the reduction of COD, TN, and TP, which made it applicable for the treatment of polluted river water entering the Dianchi Lake. Nitrification rate was observed to be greatly affected by the influent temperature. During each season, the nitrification in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP. TN removal efficiency in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP during the winter and spring but poorer during the summer, possibly due to the inhibition of denitrification by higher dissolved oxygen level in the summer. Moreover, symbiotic algaebacteria growth may be conducive to the removal of pollutants.