CNTs-CeO_2/H_2O_2复合光催化氧化体系降解水中酸性橙Ⅱ

运用"化学沉淀法",将Ce O2负载到碳纳米管(CNTs)上制备复合光催化剂,采用"单因素实验法"优化了制备条件。运用透射电镜和X射线衍射仪对复合光催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,负载到CNTs上的Ce O2为多晶面心立方结构,尺寸大小在6~10 nm之间,其在CNTs上分散效果好,负载均匀且负载率高。在溶液p H为5,CNTs-Ce O2用量为0.50g/L并光照2 h后,酸性橙Ⅱ的光脱色率和TOC去除率分别达到64.71%和44.25%;加入0.02 mmol/L H2O2后,CNTsCe O2/H2O2复合体系对酸性橙Ⅱ的光脱色率和TOC去除率分别提高至91.35%和82.40%。这预示着CNTs-Ce O2/H2O2复合光催化氧化体系在对水中偶氮染料的光催化处理方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

高炉渣制备聚硅酸硫酸铝铁混凝剂

以高炉渣为原料,分别采用酸浸及碱浸-酸化工艺得到铁、铝离子及聚硅酸,再将铁、铝离子引入聚硅酸制得聚硅酸硫酸铝铁(PSAFS)混凝剂。考察了PSAFS的聚合条件对焦化废水混凝效果的影响,并与市售混凝剂进行了对比。实验结果表明:PSAFS的最佳制备条件为n(Al+Fe)∶n(Si)=0.53,混凝剂p H=1,熟化时间0.5 h,熟化温度60℃;PSAFS加入量为4 m L/L时,混凝效果最好,对焦化废水的浊度和COD的去除率分别达到98.9%和74.5%;PSAFS的性能优于市售的3种混凝剂。     

Effects of estrone on the early life stages and expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor genes of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

The fertilized eggs of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to estrone (E1) at 5–5000 ng L⁻¹ for 15 d, and the hatched fry were exposed continuously to the same concentrations for the additional 15 d. Adverse effects on hatchability, time to hatching, and gross abnormalities occurred at 50 ng L⁻¹ or above. Then the fry were divided into a continual exposure group, and a water recovery group. When the fry were exposed to E1 for another 60 d, there was a decrease in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of males and the influence disappeared in the water recovery group. The gonadosonatic index (GSI) of females at 500 ng L⁻¹ decreased significantly in another 60 d exposure. While the fry were maintained in dechlorinated tap water for 60 d, a significant decrease in female GSI was observed at 50 ng L⁻¹ or above. An increased GSI was found in males in both continual exposure and water recovery groups at all E1 treatments. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that vitellogenin-I (Vtg-I) gene expressions in the female liver were significantly down-regulated at 50 ng L⁻¹ in the continual exposure group, and at 500 ng L⁻¹ in the water recovery group, while male Vtg-I genes were significantly up-regulated for all E1 treatments. In addition, all E1 treatments caused sex reversal of males. These results suggest that E1 at 5 ng L⁻¹ or above have unrecoverable impacts on the gonadal growth and development of medaka, even if only early life stages were exposed to E1.     

Food utilization and growth of cutworm Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae exposed to nickel,and its effect on reproductive potential

Food utilization and growth of the 5th and 6th instar Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae, and its effect on reproduction potential was evaluated by feeding larvae diets with different doses of Ni for 3 generations. Dose-dependent relationships between Ni levels and food consumption and growth were variable with different larval developmental period and Ni exposure duration. RCR, AD and RGR of the 6th instar larvae were much more affected by Ni exposure than those of 5th instar larvae, and the effects were strongest in the 3rd generation. It was found that RCR was significantly stimulated after 1 and 20 mg kg⁻¹ Ni exposure, while AD was significantly inhibited after 1, 5, 10 and 40 mg kg⁻¹ Ni exposure. However, lower levels of Ni (?5 mg kg⁻¹) significantly increased and higher levels of Ni (?10 mg kg⁻¹) significantly decreased RGR. In 3 successive generations, 10 mg kg⁻¹ Ni significantly increased the ECI and ECD of the 5th instar larvae, and 5 mg kg⁻¹ Ni significantly increased the ECD of the 6th instar larvae. However, ECD were all significantly inhibited with 20 mg kg⁻¹ Ni exposure. Results also revealed that durations of larvae were shortened at low levels of Ni, but extended at high levels of Ni. Fecundity was inhibited by the highest Ni doses in each generation, while improved by low Ni doses in the 3rd generation. Hatching rates in all treatments were significantly decreased in a Ni dose-dependent manner. Study indicated that effects of Ni on these parameters were predominant with the increasing Ni exposure period.     

水资源持续利用的特性与原理

随着可持续发展战略的推进与实施,水资源持续利用成为可持续发展研究的重要内容,也是水资源学科和开发利用水资源中要研究的重要课题。水资源具有别于其它资源的独有特性,基于可持续发展理论分析了水资源的基本特性,包括自然特性、社会特性和经济特性。水资源的这些独有特性决定了在实现水资源持续利用中必须服从的原理。用系统学理论、公共选择理论、福利经济学理论、资源分配和市场经济理论,分析了这些基本原理。这些原理揭示了水资源利用自然、社会和经济运动规律,试图为实现水资源持续利用提供指导原则和规划思想。     

四川省及重庆市滑坡危险度区划研究

采用１２项评价因子,经过数学统计方法,按５级危险度分区标准对四川省和重庆市５６万Ｋｍ＾２的区域面积进行了滑坡危险度区划研究。分区结果得出：高危险度区（ＵＤ）计１４．６７万Ｋｍ＾２,中高危险度区（ＭＵＤ）计６．２５万Ｋｍ＾２,中危险度区（ＭＤ）计６．６６万Ｋｍ＾２,中低危险度区（ＭＵＤ）计１０．７７万Ｋｍ＾２,低危险度区（ＬＤ）计１８．５４Ｋｍ＾２。     

西安城北地区秋季PM_(2.5)中的矿尘颗粒污染特征

采用单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪(Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer,SPAMS)对西安市大气矿尘颗粒物进行连续12 d在线分析,共采集到107 425个同时含有正负质谱信息的矿尘颗粒,矿尘颗粒物占PM_(2.5)样本数的8.44%。结果表明,矿尘颗粒物的正离子碎片成分以Na~+、K~+、Al~+、Ca~+、CaO~+、Fe~+为主,同时还含有Pb~+等,负离子碎片成分以NO~-_2和NO~-_3为主,另外还含有HSO~-_4、SiO~-_3、HSiO~-_3、H(NO_3)~-_2等。在西安市大气细颗粒物中,矿尘颗粒物中贡献较大的几类(如含钙、含铁、铁氧颗粒物等)大多是老化的成分。将观测阶段采集到的矿尘颗粒纳入本地污染源谱进行来源分析,其主要来源为扬尘源、工业源、燃煤源和汽车尾气源等。     

基于qPCR和16S rDNA高通量测序研究蓝藻暴发期间太湖竺山湾水体浮游细菌群落

为了探究浮游细菌和蓝藻暴发之间的关系,利用实时荧光定量PCR和高通量测序技术,对夏季蓝藻暴发期间太湖竺山湾表层水和底泥中浮游细菌群落结构和多样性进行研究。结果表明,从门水平来看,水样和底泥中平均相对丰度最高的为变形菌门,放线菌门次之,此外蓝藻门也有一定的比例,可为水华暴发提供预警指示;从属水平来看,水样中的优势细菌主要为GpXI和GpIIa,底泥中为Gp6和GpIIa。     

钢铁企业烧结工段SO_2监测的主要影响因素及解决方案

针对钢铁企业烧结工段烟气的特点,对可能影响碘量法、定电位电解法SO_2监测结果的因素进行分析,并提出相应的对策。研究表明:定电位电解法受CO干扰较大,根据数学模型修正后,可进行SO_2浓度的快速估算;碘量法受吸收液温度、分析时间等因素影响较大,需要现场监测人员和分析人员严格控制采样和分析条件。     

GC和HPLC测定水中苦味酸的比较

建立了气相色谱法(GC)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定水中苦味酸的分析方法,并对2种方法进行比较。GC法检出限为0.000 4 mg/L,线性范围为0.0~0.050 mg/L,加标回收率为92.3%~94.1%,相对标准偏差为4.6%~8.9%。HPLC法检出限为0.02 mg/L,线性范围为0.10~5.00 mg/L,加标回收率为93.7%~96.5%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~2.0%。2种方法相比,GC法灵敏度较高,可用于痕量分析,但操作烦琐,不能有效地将苦味酸与硝基酚类干扰物分离;而HPLC法虽然灵敏度较差些,但简单、快速、稳定性好、准确度高,可有效地将苦味酸与硝基酚类干扰物分离。