制革废水脱硫试验研究

制革废水中含有大量的硫化物，试验研究了催化曝气，混凝沉淀，混凝气浮及生化法等工艺的脱硫效果，并考察了工艺的综合作用。结果表明上述工艺均可全部或近于全部除去废水中的硫化物，并对ＣＯＤ、总Ｃｒ等也有综合的去除功能。     

福美胂在苹果树上的残留

调查了两个果园１５～２０年树龄的苹果树在连续用福美胂喷涂７～１０年后树根、树皮、枝条、叶片、果实和土壤的砷含量，并和未使用福美胂的果树含量做了比较。结果表明，果实中有砷积累，但未超过食品卫生标准。使用福美胂的树皮、技条、叶片中砷含量比未使用福美胂的高儿倍～十几倍，树皮和短梢叶含量最高。枝条和叶片与树皮的砷含量有密切正相关。土壤表层虽有轻度积累，但不会对土壤生态环境有太大影响。     

跨世纪时期的世界矿产资源形势和我国的对策

本文研究分析了世界资源、尤其是矿产资源的供需形势,以及全球资源紧张与危机的状况和发展趋势。结合我国资源状况和国情,从经济、社会长期发展战略角度,论述了客观分析、参与研究国际及我国社会基础资源问题的重要性、紧迫性,并提出建立我国资源供需持续、稳定、协调发展的方略对策。     

获取日均值的大气监测时段选择

利用数理统计方法，以污染物瞬时监测数据为基础数据，选用控制在一定置信度下最大允许误差的统计公式确定出样本容量，并采用模糊集合运算—优化组合选择法，确定出获取日均值的最佳监测时段．     

Chemical characterization of fine particles from on-road vehicles in the Wutong tunnel in Shenzhen, China

Vehicle populations in China have been increasing sharply since 1990s. Vehicle emissions including various gaseous pollutants and particulate matter cause deterioration of air quality. However, measurements of particulate mater from on-road vehicles in China are scarcely reported, and thus the chemical compositions of particles emitted from vehicles in China are unknown. In this research, tunnel experiments were performed to measure PM2.5 in the Wutong tunnel, Shenzhen, China. Detailed PM2.5 chemical compositions, with organic compounds determined by GC/MS, in the tunnel were presented. Elemental carbon and organic matter composed 63% and 34% of the total PM2.5 mass in the Wutong tunnel, respectively. Alkanes, PAHs, hopanes, fatty acids, and dicarboxylic acids were the major identified organic compounds, and their source profiles in the PM2.5 in the Wutong tunnel were characterized. The comparisons of our measurements with those in the literature were also made to demonstrate the characteristics of the vehicle source profiles in the Wutong tunnel. The experimental results in this paper can improve understanding of particulate matter emitted from vehicles in China.     

Potential contributions of clay minerals and organic matter to pentachlorophenol retention in soils

Sorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by pure minerals and humic acids were measured to obtain additional perspective on the potential contributions of both clay minerals and soil organic matter (SOM) to contaminants retention in soils. Four types of common soil minerals and two kinds of humic acids (HAs) were tested. The sorption affinity for PCP conformed to an order of HAs > K-montmorillonite > Ca-montmorillonite > goethite > kaolinite. Such a difference in sorption capacity could be attributed to the crucial control of HAs. Clay minerals also had their contribution, especially K-montmorillonite, which played an important, if not dominant, role in the controlling process of PCP sorption. By removing 80% (on average) of the organic carbon from the soils with H(2)O(2), the sorption decreased by an average of 50%. The sorption reversibility had been greatly favored as well. Considering the uncharged mineral fractions in soil before and after H(2)O(2)-treated, the main variation in sorption behavior of the soil might thus be related to the removed organic carbon and the reduced pH. This testified rightly the interactive effect of SOM and clay minerals on PCP sorption as a function of pH.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the aerosol in Beijing, China, measured by aminopropylsilane chemically-bonded stationary-phase column chromatography and HPLC/fluorescence detection

We developed a useful analytical method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentrations in the aerosol of China. We used an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method for the extraction of PAHs from the aerosol samples, in order to reduce the extraction time and the solvent volume used. The optimum purification method was developed, with aminopropylsilane chemically-bonded stationary-phase column chromatography, in order to remove many co-extractives which cannot be removed by conventional purification methods using silica-gel column chromatography. HPLC/fluorescence detection (FLD) was adopted as the analytical method, because it has very high sensitivity to PAH and it is easy to install, operate, and maintain as compared with GC/MS. With the analytical method developed in this study, the recovery and precision (RSD) for most of the PAHs ranged from 75% to 129% and from 2.8% to 22.7%, respectively. The concentrations of PAHs in the aerosol samples collected from October 2003 to April 2005 in Beijing, China were determined using the newly developed method. SigmaPAHs, which is the sum of the concentrations of all detected PAHs, was 177.8 +/- 239.9 ng m(-3) (n = 64). The SigmaPAHs concentration in the heating season (305.1 +/- 279.0 ng m(-3), n = 33) was 7.2 times higher than that in the non-heating season (42.3 +/- 32.0 ng m(-3), n = 31). These strong seasonal variations in atmospheric PAH concentration are possibly due to coal combustion for residential heating in winter.     

Tradescantia micronucleus test indicates genotoxic potential of traffic emissions in European cities

Urban atmospheres contain complex mixtures of air pollutants including mutagenic and carcinogenic substances such as benzene, diesel soot, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the frame of a European network for the assessment of air quality by the use of bioindicator plants, the Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) test was applied to examine the genotoxicity of urban air pollution. Cuttings of Tradescantia clone #4430 were exposed to ambient air at 65 monitoring sites in 10 conurbations employing a standardised methodology. The tests revealed an elevated genotoxic potential mainly at those urban sites which were exposed to severe car traffic emissions. This bioassay proved to be a suitable tool to detect local 'hot spots' of mutagenic air pollution in urban areas. For its use in routine monitoring programmes, however, further standardisation of cultivation and exposure techniques is recommended in order to reduce the variability of results due to varying environmental conditions.     

CSM/EVA复合材料的阻燃与伸缩性能研究

采用机械共混法制备了EVA/CSM复合材料.系统地研究了EVA与CSM的混合比率、CSM交联及不同阻燃体系对复合材料阻燃性质的影响.结果表明,掺杂阻燃剂之后,复合材料都具有很好的阻燃性能,其中使用Sb2O3/氯乙醇混合阻燃体系,阻燃效果最好,且复合材料交联后,阻燃性能会进一步增强.同时研究了各种因素,如交联、混合比率和处理温度对复合材料收缩率的影响.当CSM含量较高或拉伸温度处于室温,收缩率都较好;而交联前,加入阻燃剂会使复合材料收缩性能降低;反之,交联后使之增加.