UASB-BCO工艺处理淀粉废水的可行性研究

为了减少生产马铃薯淀粉所产生的废水造成的水体环境污染,加入絮凝剂聚合氯化铝进行预处理,同时采用UASB反应器和BCO反应器进行联合处理,最终废水中COD平均去除率可达92%以上。UASB-BCO工艺可以提高废水的可生化性,且增设絮凝沉淀工艺,运行成本仅增加0.36元/吨,还可以回收淀粉废水中的有用物质。因此,带絮凝沉淀的UASB-BCO工艺能稳定高效的处理马铃薯淀粉废水,可行性强。     

人工湿地植物对高盐废水中COD的去除作用

针对经生化处理的石油和精细化工工业区的工业废水盐含量较高、氮磷营养盐含量较低和COD含量较高的特点,构建了高盐度进水条件下表面流人工湿地的中试试验装置,考察了水葱、芦苇和香蒲在此类高盐废水中的生长状况,比较了三种植物混合试验单元与无植物试验单元对此类高盐废水中COD的去除效果,研究了高含盐量工业废水湿地系统内植物生长对微生物量的影响,以及植物在微生物去除COD过程中的作用。结果表明,高含盐量的工业废水对水葱、芦苇和香蒲的生长有一定的抑制作用,植物单元对工业废水中有机物的净化效果明显好于无植物单元,且植物生长越好,人工湿地内水体中的COD净化效果越好。混合植物单元对高含盐量工业废水中COD的总去除量约为无植物单元的4倍,证明植物的存在可以增强湿地单元内土壤微生物对有机物的去除能力。     

基于参数不确定性的地下水污染治理多目标管理模型

引入随机Pareto控制排序和随机小生境技术,提出基于参数随机变化的改进小生境Pareto遗传算法,用于求解不确定性条件下地下水污染治理多目标管理模型.同时,利用顺序高斯条件模拟的蒙特卡罗方法,结合不确定性分析和风险评估,分析不同渗透系数条件点数对污染物运移结果不确定性和污染风险评价的影响.最后将该方法应用于一个考虑渗透系数为随机变量的二维地下水污染修复算例中.结果分析表明,该方法可为地下水污染治理提供变异性较小的Pareto管理策略,是一种稳定可靠的多目标随机优化方法.     

Study on Dynamic Mechanism of Urban Expansion： A Case Study of Shandong Province

This paper aims at studying the dynamic mechanism of urban expansion and its role. Based on the economic model of urban spatial structure and applying panel data in Shandong Province, the paper concludes. Economic growth and transition of economic structure have played the most powerful role in urban expansion. An increase in population helps the core to extend. Increasing agricultural productivity can provide a countervailing force. An increase in transportation costs will limit urban expansion. An increase in the marginal productivity of land in housing production will increase urban expansion. Fiscal and taxation policies also have encouraged the extensive shift of cultivated land into build-up area. This paper also suggests that if high rate increasing GDP is needed, the urban core will continue to expand. The government should take measures to improve the rapid growth of the city.     

氨基修饰稻壳生物炭对水溶液中铀的吸附动力学特性

为了探究NBC（氨基修饰生物炭）对U（Ⅵ）的吸附性能,通过在BC（未修饰生物炭）上负载氨基的方法得到氨基修饰生物炭,研究BC、NBC对水溶液中U（Ⅵ）的吸附特征,分析生物炭添加量、溶液pH、溶液中阴离子、初始ρ〔U（Ⅵ）〕、吸附时间和吸附体系温度等因素对U（Ⅵ）吸附的影响,筛选最优的吸附条件,并利用SEM（扫描电镜）、FT-IR（傅里叶红外光谱）、XRD（X-射线衍射）、XPS（X-射线能谱）、BET比表面积、元素分析、零点电位（Zeta电势）测定等手段表征BC、NBC的结构特征,并进一步探讨其对U（Ⅵ）的吸附机理.结果表明:①NBC的比表面积和吸附位点显著增加,对U（Ⅵ）的吸附速率和吸附量明显增加,NBC的最大吸附量（69.63 mg/g）大于BC（53.95 mg/g）. ②NBC对U（Ⅵ）吸附的最佳条件为生物炭添加量0.4 g/L、pH 6、初始ρ〔U（Ⅵ）〕20 mg/L、吸附时间1 h、吸附体系温度328 K. ③BC、NBC对U（Ⅵ）的吸附动力学均符合伪二级动力学方程,R2均为0.999;等温吸附过程均符合Sips等温吸附模型,R2均大于0.914.研究显示,NBC的吸附能力强、环境耐受性好,具有很好的应用潜力.      

Robust optimization approach to two-echelon agricultural cold chain logistics considering carbon emission and stochastic demand

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Cold chain logistics has become one of the main sources of carbon emissions. Meanwhile, the implementation of low-carbon economy has become an...     

Simultaneously attenuating antibiotic resistance genes and improving the dewaterability of sewage sludge by conditioning with Fenton’s reagent: the pivotal role of sludge pre-acidification

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fenton conditioning processes have been recently employed to improve the dewaterability of sewage sludge. However, it remains unclear whether the...     

Effect of selenium on mercury methylation in facultative lake sediments

The effect of selenium (Na₂SeO₃) on the methylation of mercury (HgCl₂) in facultative sediment was studied. The results showed that small amount of selenium (0.25 μg/g) added to the sediment could significantly reduce the net methylation rate of mercury. The more the selenium was added, the higher the inhibition effect was. These results made the addition of selenium to the aquatic systems more practical and safe as a way to alleviate mercury accumulation in fish. Additionally, higher temperature was favorable to the net methylation of mercury, and high concentration of methylmercury emerged earlier.     

Field evidence of decreased extractability of copper and nickel added to soils in 6-year field experiments

The phytotoxicity of added copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) is influenced by soil properties and field aging. However, the differences in the chemical behavior between Cu and Ni are still unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the extractability of added Cu and Ni in 6-year field experiments, as well as the link with their phytotoxicity. The results showed that the extractability of added Cu decreased by 6.63% (5.10%–7.90%), 22.5% (20.6%–23.9%), and 6.87% (0%–17.9%) on average for acidic, neutral, and alkaline soil from 1 to 6 years, although the phytotoxicity of added Cu and Ni did not change significantly from 1 to 6 years in the long term field experiment. Because of dissolution of Cu, when the pH decreased below 7.0, the extractability of Cu in alkaline soil by EDTA at pH 4.0 could not reflect the effects of aging. For Ni, the extractability decreased by 18.1% (10.1%–33.0%), 63.0% (59.2%–68.8%), and 22.0% (12.4%–31.8%) from 1 to 6 years in acidic, neutral, and alkaline soils, respectively, indicating the effects of aging on Ni were greater than on Cu. The sum of ten sequential extractions of Cu and Ni showed that added Cu was more extractable than Ni in neutral and alkaline soil, but similar in acidic soil.

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Determination of the entrainment coefficient of a pure plume using the salt-bath technique

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - The entrainment coefficient of the pure plume, the ratio of the radial velocity of the entraining fluid at the edge of the plume to the axial velocity, is...