Study on Dynamic Mechanism of Urban Expansion： A Case Study of Shandong Province

This paper aims at studying the dynamic mechanism of urban expansion and its role. Based on the economic model of urban spatial structure and applying panel data in Shandong Province, the paper concludes. Economic growth and transition of economic structure have played the most powerful role in urban expansion. An increase in population helps the core to extend. Increasing agricultural productivity can provide a countervailing force. An increase in transportation costs will limit urban expansion. An increase in the marginal productivity of land in housing production will increase urban expansion. Fiscal and taxation policies also have encouraged the extensive shift of cultivated land into build-up area. This paper also suggests that if high rate increasing GDP is needed, the urban core will continue to expand. The government should take measures to improve the rapid growth of the city.     

聚四氟乙烯复合膜材料的透湿性和生物防护性能研究

测试了聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）复合膜材料的透湿性和对氯化钠气溶胶、粉末状微生物枯草芽孢杆菌黑色变种（ATCC9372）、液体中脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗株的防护性能。结果表明，该复合膜材料有良好的透湿性能，同时对氯化钠气溶胶、粉末状和液体中的微生物均具有良好的防护性能。     

Advances in emission control of diesel vehicles in China

Diesel vehicles have caused serious environmental problems in China. Hence, the Chinese government has launched serious actions against air pollution and imposed more stringent regulations on diesel vehicle emissions in the latest China VI standard. To fulfill this stringent legislation, two major technical routes, including the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and high-efficiency selective catalytic reduction (SCR) routes, have been developed for diesel engines. Moreover, complicated aftertreatment technologies have also been developed, including use of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) for controlling carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, diesel particulate filter (DPF) for particle mass (PM) emission control, SCR for the control of NOx emission, and an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) for the control of unreacted NH₃. Due to the stringent requirements of the China VI standard, the aftertreatment system needs to be more deeply integrated with the engine system. In the future, aftertreatment technologies will need further upgrades to fulfill the requirements of the near-zero emission target for diesel vehicles.     

氨基修饰稻壳生物炭对水溶液中铀的吸附动力学特性

为了探究NBC（氨基修饰生物炭）对U（Ⅵ）的吸附性能,通过在BC（未修饰生物炭）上负载氨基的方法得到氨基修饰生物炭,研究BC、NBC对水溶液中U（Ⅵ）的吸附特征,分析生物炭添加量、溶液pH、溶液中阴离子、初始ρ〔U（Ⅵ）〕、吸附时间和吸附体系温度等因素对U（Ⅵ）吸附的影响,筛选最优的吸附条件,并利用SEM（扫描电镜）、FT-IR（傅里叶红外光谱）、XRD（X-射线衍射）、XPS（X-射线能谱）、BET比表面积、元素分析、零点电位（Zeta电势）测定等手段表征BC、NBC的结构特征,并进一步探讨其对U（Ⅵ）的吸附机理.结果表明:①NBC的比表面积和吸附位点显著增加,对U（Ⅵ）的吸附速率和吸附量明显增加,NBC的最大吸附量（69.63 mg/g）大于BC（53.95 mg/g）. ②NBC对U（Ⅵ）吸附的最佳条件为生物炭添加量0.4 g/L、pH 6、初始ρ〔U（Ⅵ）〕20 mg/L、吸附时间1 h、吸附体系温度328 K. ③BC、NBC对U（Ⅵ）的吸附动力学均符合伪二级动力学方程,R2均为0.999;等温吸附过程均符合Sips等温吸附模型,R2均大于0.914.研究显示,NBC的吸附能力强、环境耐受性好,具有很好的应用潜力.      

页岩气压裂高压管汇失效风险分析及防控措施

针对大排量、高压力页岩气压裂施工作业中存在的高压管汇失效风险,分析了某公司近年来的高压管汇失效事故事件,识别出了常见的失效形式及部位,构建了基于计算流体力学的固液两相流射流模型,模拟计算了失效的破坏力和伤害范围。研究结果表明:刺漏是高压管汇最常见失效形式,弯头、三通等应力集中区是刺漏失效的高危部位; 100 MPa工况时刺漏影响范围可达100 m,离刺漏点1 m处,流体流速为260 m/s,打击压力达3.5 GPa,远超防护钢板抗剪切强度。根据风险分析及事故模拟结果,从本质安全、工艺改进、管理、信息化提升4个维度提出了防控措施,为页岩气压裂施工作业安全防控措施的制定提供了参考。     

Robust optimization approach to two-echelon agricultural cold chain logistics considering carbon emission and stochastic demand

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Cold chain logistics has become one of the main sources of carbon emissions. Meanwhile, the implementation of low-carbon economy has become an...     

Simultaneously attenuating antibiotic resistance genes and improving the dewaterability of sewage sludge by conditioning with Fenton’s reagent: the pivotal role of sludge pre-acidification

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fenton conditioning processes have been recently employed to improve the dewaterability of sewage sludge. However, it remains unclear whether the...     

Instantaneous char reaction of biomass particles in a hot gas flow with fluctuating temperature

Char reaction is an important stage of the combustion processes of biomass particles. It dominates the burnout of biomass particles. The instantaneous char reaction processes of biomass particles in a hot gas with temperature fluctuation are studied. Two types of biomass fuels, i.e. pine and thistle, are chosen for the present investigation. The instantaneous mass variations of biomass particles with initial diameters of 100, 200, and 300 μm are calculated under different conditions. The gas temperature fluctuation leads to faster mass loss for both pine and thistle particles. The char reaction of biomass particles is further enhanced by increase in the fluctuation amplitude of gas temperature.     

Effect of ultraviolet irradiation and chlorination on ampicillin-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> and its ampicillin resistance gene

Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health risk that may spread via potable and reclaimed water. Effective disinfection is important for inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and disruption of antibiotic resistance genes. Ampicillin is a widely prescribed antibiotic but its effectiveness is increasingly undermined by resistance. In this study, changes in ampicillin resistance for Escherichia coli (E. coli) CGMCC 1.1595 were analyzed after exposure to different doses of ultraviolet (UV) or chlorine, and damage incurred by the plasmid encoding ampicillin resistance gene bla _TEM-1 was assessed. We reported a greater stability in ampicillinresistant E. coli CGMCC 1.1595 after UV irradiation or chlorination when compared with previously published data for other E. coli strains. UV irradiation and chlorination led to a shift in the mortality frequency distributions of ampicillin-resistant E. coli when subsequently exposed to ampicillin. The ampicillin hemiinhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) without disinfection was 3800 mg·L^–1, and an increment was observed after UV irradiation or chlorination. The IC₅₀ of ampicillin-resistant E. coli was 1.5-fold higher at a UV dose of 40 mJ·cm^–2, and was 1.4-fold higher when exposed to 2.0 mg·L^–1 chlorine. These results indicate that UV irradiation and chlorination can potentially increase the risk of selection for E. coli strains with high ampicillin resistance. There was no evident damage to bla _TEM-1 after 1–10 mg Cl₂·L^–1 chlorination, while a UV dose of 80 mJ·cm^–2 yielded a damage ratio for bla _TEM-1 of approximately 1.2-log. Therefore, high UV doses are required for effective disruption of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria.     

Effect of selenium on mercury methylation in facultative lake sediments

The effect of selenium (Na₂SeO₃) on the methylation of mercury (HgCl₂) in facultative sediment was studied. The results showed that small amount of selenium (0.25 μg/g) added to the sediment could significantly reduce the net methylation rate of mercury. The more the selenium was added, the higher the inhibition effect was. These results made the addition of selenium to the aquatic systems more practical and safe as a way to alleviate mercury accumulation in fish. Additionally, higher temperature was favorable to the net methylation of mercury, and high concentration of methylmercury emerged earlier.