地下水环境影响评价中污染物运移模拟软件的适宜性评估

目前国内外已发展了一系列成熟的地下水污染物运移模拟软件,但是软件功能各异,易造成使用者的选择困扰.为满足HJ 610—2016《环境影响评价技术导则地下水环境》（简称“《导则》”）中关于环境影响预测工作精细化的要求,对国内外常用饱和带和包气带污染物运移模拟软件的适宜性进行了评估.首先,针对三款常用饱和带污染物运移模拟软件BIOSCREEN、AT123D和MT3D,基于理想算例对比4组水动力条件设置下的计算结果,分析软件的适宜性;其次,针对《导则》中暂未给出的包气带污染物运移模拟软件,以FEMWATER为例探讨了包气带阻滞作用对于地下水环境影响评价的重要性.结果表明:①BIOSCREEN由于忽略了分子扩散作用,当Pe（Peclet数）为0.25×10-3时,其预测的污染源下游10 m处污染物浓度为AT123D和MT3D计算值的1.8倍,存在高估污染风险的可能.②相比污染源直接设置于潜水面的情景,污染物从距潜水面11 m的地表泄露,经过包气带后污染源强降低了24%,下游85 m处污染物浓度达到0.1 mg/L的时间延迟了390 d.③当地下水流速较慢,分子扩散作用相比对流作用占优势时,适用MT3D开展数值模拟或者采用AT123D进行解析预测;当对流作用占优势且水文地质条件接近解析解假设时,可利用BIOSCREEN粗估污染风险.研究显示,包气带污染物运移模拟软件有助于合理地预测污染物在地下水环境中的运移转化行为,从而更准确地估计污染源强和判定地下水环境污染风险.      

磷酸三苯酯(TPP)和磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯(TCPP)诱导人胚肾细胞HEK293凋亡的机制研究

磷系阻燃剂对人体的潜在毒性作用引起了国内外研究者的广泛关注。肾脏是机体重要的排毒器官,若肾脏细胞受损,可能影响肾脏功能的正常发挥。本研究以人胚肾细胞HEK293为研究对象,结合传统毒理学实验,筛选出磷酸三苯酯(TPP)及磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯(TCPP)诱导人胚肾细胞HEK293凋亡的关键靶标基因p53。在此基础上采用分子对接模拟和光谱法分析发现,TPP和TCPP分别以嵌插方式和沟槽方式结合p53-DNA,改变基因片段的框架结构,启动分子起始事件,通过影响相关基因(Bax、Hrk、Bcl-2和Bad)的表达量,导致线粒体途径释放cyt c,最终激活Caspase 7实现细胞凋亡。研究结果阐明了此类污染物诱导凋亡的作用机制,为毒害化学品的污染防控提供理论依据。     

Personal exposure to PM2.5-bound heavy metals associated with cardiopulmonary function in general population

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To better understand the cardiopulmonary alterations associated with personal exposed PM2.5-bound heavy meals, we conducted a cross-sectional study in...     

Glyphosate application increased catabolic activity of gram-negative bacteria but impaired soil fungal community

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Glyphosate is a non-selective organophosphate herbicide that is widely used in agriculture, but its effects on soil microbial communities are highly...     

好氧触媒在造纸法再造烟叶污水处理中的应用分析

本文围绕好氧触媒在造纸法再造烟叶污水处理中的应用展开分析。如对好氧触媒在再造烟叶污水处理中的应用必要性及好氧触媒作用原理予以介绍,并对好氧触媒在造纸法再造烟叶污水处理中应用展开试验。     

近平滑假丝酵母NAD(H)依赖型次级醇脱氢酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

从近平滑假丝酵母(Candida parapsilosis CCTCC 203011)中分离得到了NAD(H)依赖型的次级醇脱氢酶.粗酶经乙醇沉淀、Blue Sepharose Fast Flow亲和层析、DEAE Sepharose离子交换层析后在SDS-PAGE上显示为单一条带,其酶蛋白的亚基分子量(Mr)为37.5×103.该酶还原反应的最适pH为6.0,最适温度为45℃,是一个含Zn2 金属酶.该脱氢酶具有较高的底物的选择性,对2-酮具有较高的还原活力;同时,也能作用于醇类发生氧化反应,对次级醇的氧化活力最高.以β-羟基苯乙酮为底物,用纯化得到的酶催化反应后,还原产物为(R)-苯基乙二醇,因此该酶为(R)-专一性次级醇脱氢酶,是一种生产(R)-苯基乙二醇的有效的生物催化剂.经LC-MASS-MASS分析得到了酶蛋白中3个肽段的氨基酸序列,通过比对发现该酶与NCBI编号为BAA24528的次级醇脱氢酶具有较高的同源性.图4表3参17     

污泥对区域生态环境的影响

对上海某乡因施用大量污泥而造成的污染状况作跟踪调查研究和质量评价。研究对象为土壤、水稻和蔬菜，被研究的污染元素为Ｃｄ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｈ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｈｇ和Ａｓ．结果表明，该乡土壤为复合污染，Ｃｄ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ是主要污染元素．污泥施用越多的地区，水稻、蔬菜受污染就越严重，尤以Ｃｄ污染最为突出，超过了允许卫生标准。确定了污染村、污染程度和污染面积。     

T cell-derived IL-5 production is a sensitive target of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

The immune system is one of the organs most vulnerable to the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Among the various immunotoxic effects of TCDD, the thymus involution and suppression of IgM antibody production are well known sensitive reactions of the thymocytes and B cells affected by TCDD. Recently, we reported that TCDD greatly inhibits the production of type-2 helper T (Th2) cell-derived cytokines, especially IL-5, by the splenocytes in mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA). In the present study, we investigated the dose-dependency of these TCDD immunotoxic effects in OVA-immunized mice to identify the most sensitive target. Mice of two age groups, 6 weeks old and 3 weeks old, were dosed with 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 microg TCDD/kg and immunized with OVA using alum as an adjuvant. Seven days later, the thymus weight, thymocyte population, antigen-specific IgM in the plasma, and IL-5 production by the splenocytes were examined. Among them, IL-5 production was significantly suppressed by all three doses of TCDD and reduced to about 30% by even a small dose of 0.3 microg TCDD/kg in both age groups. The thymus weight was significantly reduced by 1.0 microg or 3.0 microg TCDD/kg, but IgM production was not affected by up to 3.0 microg/kg of TCDD in both age groups. Taken together, the Th2 cell-derived IL-5 production was the most sensitive endpoint detecting TCDD toxicity among those examined. Our results also suggest that effector T cells are targets more vulnerable to TCDD toxicity than thymocytes or antibody-producing B cells in the OVA-immunized mice.