SBR在高校中水回用领域的工程应用研究

采用SBR工艺对高校校园废水进行了处理,运行结果表明:废水中COD含量从200～360mg/L降至60mg/L以下,BOD5含量从70～110mg/L降至20mg/L以下,氨氮含量从60～80mg/L降至10mg/L以下,SS含量从75～160mg/L降至50mg/L以下,达到了北京市DB11307—2005《水污染物排放标准》的二级排放标准。     

智能化系统在自燃温度测试中的设计和应用

为降低液体自燃温度测试过程中的操作危险,准确判定自燃现象发生及温度,减少繁琐的手工操作,参照ASTME659—78（2005）、GB/T21791-2008及GB／T21860-2008标准,设计了一套智能自燃温度测试系统。采用操作微机软件控制炉体升降温、自动进样泵进样、温度采集、自燃现象拍摄、尾气抽滤等过程,实现自燃温度测试从开始进样到吹扫尾气全流程的自动化;利用设计系统测试乙醇、丙酮等5种常见物质的自燃温度,测试结果与文献值的相对标准偏差不超过2．0％。结果表明所设计系统操作方便快捷、安全实用、结果准确。     

基于模糊综合评判法对集中供热锅炉环保设施综合评价研究

以乌鲁木齐市某集中供热锅炉污染物减排方案为例,通过建立脱硫除尘设施综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,利用模糊综合评判法分别对两种除尘设施情况下的环境效益、经济效益以及设施能耗、物耗等指标着手,进行综合评价,最终评选出较优实施方案.评选结果表明：袋式除尘＋石灰石-石膏法脱硫除尘设施方案运用于该集中供热站综合效益较好,可有效实现污染物减排,为今后燃煤锅炉环保设施的评选提供一定的参考作用.     

清水江流域环境保护污染治理经济效益分析

以《贵州省清水江流域环境保护规划(2013-2020年)》为例,分析清水江流域治理主要污染物的削减量和费用支出。从环境经济角度,通过费用-效益分析法以货币量化进行计算,流域治理能带来一定的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。     

安全工程产、学、研实践基地建设

近十年来,安全工程专业在我国发展非常迅速,截至2007年开办安全工程本科专业的高等院校已经增加到86所,全国安全工程专业本科招生人数达5000名左右。一方面是因为国家注重生产事故对社会带来的危害和损失,加大力度促进安全学科的发展;另一方面由于人民安全整体素质的提高,     

Regeneration of commercial selective catalyst reduction catalysts deactivated by Pb and other inorganic elements

The regeneration of commercial SCR(Selective Catalyst Reduction) catalysts deactivated by Pb and other elements was studied.The deactivated catalyst samples were prepared by chemical impregnation with mixed solution containing K_2SO_4,Na_2SO_4,CaSO_4,Pb(NO_3)_2and NH_4H_2PO_4.A novel method combining Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt(EDTA-2Na) and H_2SO_4solution(viz.catalysts treated by dilute EDTA-2Na and H_2SO_4 solution in sequence) was used to recover the activity of deactivated samples,and the effect was compared with single H_2SO_4,oxalic acid,acetic acid,EDTA or HNO_3 solutions.The surface structure,acidity and reducibility of samples were characterized by N_2adsorption–desorption,inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),H-2-temperature programmed section(H_2-TPR),NH3-temperature programmed desorption(NH3-TPD) and in situ DRIFTS.Impurities caused a decrease of specific surface area and surface reducibility,as well as Br?nsted acid sites,and therefore led to severe deactivation of the SCR catalyst.The use of an acid solution alone possibly eliminated the impurities on the deactivated catalyst to some extent,and also increased the specific surface area and Br?nsted acid sites and promoted the surface reducibility,thus recovered the activity partially.The combination of EDTA-2Na and H_2SO_4 could remove most of the impurities and improve the activity significantly.The removal of Pb should be an important factor for regeneration.Due to a high removal rate for Pb and other impurities,the combination of EDTA-2Na and H_2SO_4 solutions provided the best efficiency.     

Estimating emissions from crop residue open burning in China based on statistics and MODIS fire products

With the objective of reducing the large uncertainties in the estimations of emissions from crop residue open burning, an improved method for establishing emission inventories of crop residue open burning at a high spatial resolution of 0.25°× 0.25° and a temporal resolution of1 month was established based on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) Thermal Anomalies/Fire Daily Level3 Global Product(MOD/MYD14A1). Agriculture mechanization ratios and regional crop-specific grain-to-straw ratios were introduced to improve the accuracy of related activity data. Locally observed emission factors were used to calculate the primary pollutant emissions. MODIS satellite data were modified by combining them with county-level agricultural statistical data, which reduced the influence of missing fire counts caused by their small size and cloud cover. The annual emissions of CO_2, CO, CH_4,nonmethane volatile organic compounds(NMVOCs), N_2O, NO_x, NH_3, SO_2, fine particles(PM2.5),organic carbon(OC), and black carbon(BC) were 150.40, 6.70, 0.51, 0.88, 0.01, 0.13, 0.07, 0.43,1.09, 0.34, and 0.06 Tg, respectively, in 2012. Crop residue open burning emissions displayed typical seasonal and spatial variation. The highest emission regions were the Yellow-Huai River and Yangtse-Huai River areas, and the monthly emissions were highest in June(37%).Uncertainties in the emission estimates, measured as 95% confidence intervals, range from a low of within ±126% for N_2O to a high of within ± 169% for NH_3.     

二氧化锰改性沸石对废水中Pb2+的吸附性能及其影响因素研究

改性后的沸石材料,可大幅度提高其对金属离子的吸附量,在治理环境污染方面具有巨大的潜力。高锰酸钾和硫酸锰反应生成的二氧化锰包裹在沸石表面,可大大提高其吸附性能,最终达到吸附废水中重金属的目的。研究了二氧化锰改性沸石对废水中Pb²⁺吸附性能的影响因素,如沸石与二氧化锰投料比、反应时间、溶液pH值、反应温度、Pb²⁺初始浓度等,并探讨了其吸附机理。试验结果表明:二氧化锰改性沸石对废水中Pb²⁺的吸附效果随着沸石与二氧化锰投料比的增加而提高,平衡吸附时间为12 h,吸附反应的最佳溶液pH值为5~6;二氧化锰改性沸石对废水中Pb²⁺的吸附为自发的吸热反应,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,说明为单配体吸附模式;红外光谱分析发现,-OH是影响二氧化锰改性沸石吸附废水中Pb²⁺的主要官能团;低浓度腐殖酸对二氧化锰改性沸石吸附废水中Pb²⁺的影响较小,不产生竞争吸附。     

农作物秸秆综合利用的研究进展综述

通过对农作物秸秆的研究现状、处理方法及综合应用情况进行综述,归纳出了目前农作物秸秆综合利用领域、主要处理方法及需要突破的关键技术.明确了突破农作物秸秆外表面物质结构实现完全降解和完成内部纤维素、半纤维素等高分子化合物降解转化是综合利用农作物秸秆研究的重点和难点.同时指出了解决农作物秸秆综合利用的技术层面、法律层面和人文认知理念等方面的发展趋势,为高效利用农作物秸秆及开展关键技术攻关提供参考.     

羟基多溴联苯醚对鲤鱼急性毒性及定量结构活性关系

羟基多溴联苯醚是一类具有环境风险的新兴污染物,它们已经在众多环境介质甚至人体内广泛存在。参照GB/T13267-91标准方法,采用静态生物急性毒性试验,测定了6种羟基多溴联苯醚(2′-OH-BDE7、4′-OH-BDE17、2′-OH-BDE28、2′-OH-BDE68、4′-OH-BDE90和2′-OH-BDE123)对普通鲤鱼的急性毒性96 h-LC50值,分别为697、1 130、854、550、644和522 ng.mL-1。除4′-OH-BDE17为高毒物质外,其他5种OH-PBDEs均为剧毒物质,高溴代的2′-OH-BDE123毒性最大。选用OH-PBDEs的KOW参数及由MOPAC软件PM3算法计算出的16个量子化学参数(EHomo、qBr+、ELumo等)为描述符,运用一元线性回归分析分别研究了96 h-LC50与他们之间的相关关系。结果表明:lgKOW和ELumo与6种羟基多溴联苯醚的96 h-lg LC50表现出较好的相关性,复相关系数均大于0.96,根据方程得到的96 h-lg LC50预测值与实验值基本相同,进一步对环境中广泛检出的其它OH-PBDEs的96 h-LC50值也进行了预测。