磁絮凝处理废水工艺条件的响应曲面法优化研究

以聚硅硫酸铁(PFSS)为絮凝剂、磁流体为磁种,采用磁絮凝法处理模拟废水。在正交实验基础上,利用Matlab软件进行响应曲面分析,研究磁絮凝法处理模拟废水的各因素间具有的交互作用关系。回归拟合结果表明最佳工艺条件为:PFSS加入量36.8g/L,模拟废水pH7.4,磁种加入量14.7mg/L,搅拌转速266r/min。在最佳工艺条件下进行实验,TP去除率为97.70%。     

Cultural and individual differences in self‐rating behavior: an extension and refinement of the cultural relativity hypothesis

This study examined the relationships between culture, individual attributes, and self‐rating behavior among 1,786 university students in Canada, Hong Kong, Taiwan, mainland China, and Japan, and in doing so extended and refined the cultural relativity hypothesis. It explored the difference between vertical and horizontal individualists in self‐rating behavior, and examined the mediating effects of two individual attributes, self‐enhancement propensity and general self‐efficacy in the relationship between individualism and self‐rating behavior. The results confirmed that individualism is the cultural driver for self‐rating leniency, and that the individual‐level assessment of individualism is a stronger predictor of self‐rating leniency than are culture‐level differences. Vertical individualism was found to be positively related to self‐enhancement propensity, which in turn was positively related to self‐rating. Whereas, horizontal individualism was positively related to general self‐efficacy, which in turn had a positive relationship with self‐rating. We discuss the implications of the results for academic research and practical management. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

跨越劳动合同终止日期的医疗期满后劳动合同不能自动终止

赵某于2002年9月应聘到甲公司工作,双方未签订劳动合同.2003年1月1日双方签订了为期1年的劳动合同,约定月工资为1700元,劳动合同终止时间为2003年12月31日.     

学分制在企业培训中的应用

学分制是在普通高等院校中应用比较普遍的一种教学制度，它的基本做法是：对每个专业的学生设定公共学位课、专业必修课和选修课，每修完、考过一门课程可获得2～4个学分，累积够一定学分，便可获得毕业证书，而不强制规定什么时间必须修什么课。与传统教学方式相比，学分制具有一些优势，如较大的灵活性、较强的激励性等，但同时也增加了管理的复杂性。     

汽车喷涂作业中连续送风式长管呼吸器应用的系统分析

本文讨论了汽车制造喷涂岗位作业常用两种呼吸防护方案:连续送风式长管呼吸器与自吸过滤式呼吸器。通过对比两种呼吸防护方案的特点,包括防护等级、组合防护功能、使用舒适性,以及员工接受度,发现连续送风式长管呼吸器在各方面都要优于自吸过滤式呼吸器。此外还重点介绍了连续送风式长管呼吸器在此种环境使用过程中所涉及到的系统组成、压缩空气质量、压力调节,流量及认证组件等部分的使用要求和要点。     

水中氯仿的活性炭电增强吸附特性

讨论了活性炭在电场作用下对水中微量的三氯甲烷的吸附 ,测定不同控制电位下活性炭的吸附量 ,并讨论了吸附动力学与吸附等温方程 .实验结果表明 :活性炭的吸附量与活性炭上所加的控制电位相关 .在阳极极化时 ,活性炭的吸附量增大 ;在阴极极化时 ,活性炭吸附量减少 .吸附起始浓度为 10 0 μg L的氯仿溶液 ,同样数量的活性炭在阳极极化下可得到最大吸附量 ,其值为无电场时的 1 6倍 .分析了电场影响活性炭吸附的机理 .     

左氧氟沙星在蒙脱石存在条件下对大肠杆菌的毒性效应

采用批实验研究了蒙脱石对左氧氟沙星的吸附机理及对左氧氟沙星抗菌作用的影响。结果表明,中性条件下存在培养基时,左氧氟沙星在蒙脱石上前2 h即达到吸附平衡,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附方程,吸附率达90%以上;蒙脱石吸附左氧氟沙星存在阳离子交换作用、氢键作用、疏水作用、阳离子键桥作用、静电吸附作用等物理化学过程;蒙脱石本身不具有抑菌、杀菌活性,且由于蒙脱石增大了微生物附着的比表面积,在特定情况下可以促进微生物的生长;扣除其对微生物生长的促进作用后,蒙脱石吸附左氧氟沙星降低了后者的毒性效应,其抑菌率降低约25%。上述结果为进一步研究抗生素在环境中的毒理效应提供了基础依据。     

废纸造纸废水结垢原因及防治对策研究

针对无锡某废纸造纸企业产生的污水经厌氧-好氧-化学混凝处理后,出水在放流池产生结垢现状,对各段污水中主要离子浓度进行跟踪分析,并对结垢的组分、结垢原因、机理和防治结垢对策进行了探讨。结果表明:垢样的主要成分为CaCO3;污水中含有较高浓度的钙离子和碳酸氢根离子是导致结垢的主要原因,较高的水温、pH值、流速、流动状态、池壁的粗糙程度以及PAC的投加对结垢也有一定的影响;最佳防治对策为使用Ca(OH)2+PAM代替PAC+PAM混凝,保证COD达标排放同时,也解决了出水结垢问题。     

Decrease of NH4+-N by bacterioplankton accelerated the removal of cyanobacterial blooms in aerated aquatic ecosystem

We used aerated systems to assess the influence of the bacterioplankton community on cyanobacterial blooms in algae/post-bloom of Lake Taihu, China. Bacterioplankton community diversity was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) fingerprinting. Chemical analysis and nitrogen dynamic changes illustrated that NH4+-N was nitrified to NO2-N and NO3-N by bacterioplankton. Finally, NH4+-N was exhausted and NO3-N was denitrified to NO2-N, while the accumulation of NO2-N indicated that bacterioplankton with completely aerobic denitrification ability were lacking in the water samples collected from Lake Taihu. We suggested that adding completely aerobic denitrification bacteria(to denitrify NO2-N to N2)would improve the water quality. PCR-DGGE and sequencing results showed that more than 1/3 of the bacterial species were associated with the removal of nitrogen, and Acidovorax temperans was the dominant one. PCR-DGGE, variation of nitrogen, removal efciencies of chlorophyll-a and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the bacterioplankton significantly influenced the physiological and biochemical changes of cyanobacteria. Additionally, the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means revealed there was no obvious harm to the microecosystem from aeration. The present study demonstrated that bacterioplankton can play crucial roles in aerated ecosystems, which could control the impact of cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophicated fresh water systems.     

填埋场不同深度垃圾土压缩性的室内试验研究

阐述了垃圾土的压缩机理,归纳了国内外垃圾土压缩性指标的研究成果。根据某填埋场3个不同深度的垃圾土试样,在改装后的高压固结仪上进行压缩试验,得到垃圾土的压缩系数a、主压缩指数C、修正主压缩指数C'、压缩模量E以及体积压缩系数m,并对试验结果进行分析。试验结果表明,垃圾土的初始孔隙比随填埋深度的增加而减小,垃圾土的压缩指数随其可降解度和有机质含量的减少而降低,垃圾土具有高压缩性,其压缩性指标与垃圾的组成和填埋深度有关。将得到的压缩性指标与国内外的资料进行了比较,可为填埋场的设计及变形计算提供参考。