Multigenerational cadmium acclimation and biokinetics in Daphnia magna

A Cd exposure (3 microg L(-1)) experiment was conducted for six successive generations to investigate the responses to chronic Cd stress in Daphnia magna. We observed a biphasic accumulation of Cd in the six generations and suggested a similar pattern with respect to daphnids' tolerance. Cd assimilation efficiencies, daphnid growth, and reproduction corresponded to the changes of tolerance, which was partially accounted for by metallothionein induction. When maternally exposed neonates grew in Cd-free water for one or two generations, their growth, MT concentration and biokinetic parameters partially or totally recovered. The rapid recovery suggests the high potential for ecological restoration from Cd pollution. Our results indicate that the tolerance of sensitive D. magna clones to Cd was dependent on long-term or multigenerational exposure. The tolerance developed within the first several generations might not be maintained, and the animals may become even more sensitive to Cd stress in subsequent generations.     

热水洗辅助微生物修复高含油落地油泥

为解决油田落地油泥含油率高但不能直接进行生物无害化处置的问题,探索一种热水洗辅助微生物修复工艺。利用热水洗实验考察了清洗配方和水温对降低含油率的影响;从落地油泥中分离出石油烃降解菌,以用于含油残砂的微生物降解过程,同时探究填料和烃降解微生物对残砂中石油烃降解效果的影响。结果表明,鼠李糖脂清洗剂在总用量为0.5%、水洗时间30 min和50 ℃条件下,可将油泥含油率由107.1 mg·g⁻¹降至为39.3 mg·g⁻¹;水洗后残砂中的土著菌群数量出现了明显下降。分离获得了2株烃降解菌,并优选出具有增加油泥溶氧和保水的沼渣。将烃降解微生物和优选沼渣加入残砂后,石油烃生物降解效率得到显著提升,200 d后含油率降为4.62 mg·g⁻¹。在此过程中,微生物优先降解分子量小的饱和烃和芳香烃组分,对胶质和沥青质等组分降解程度偏低。该研究结果可为油田高含油落地油泥的环保处置提供参考。     

壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合颗粒可见光光催化降解猩红B动力学研究

采用仿生矿化法制备了壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合颗粒光催化剂,并用于可见光光催化降解猩红B染料模拟废水,研究了猩红B初始浓度、pH、催化剂投加量和催化剂重复使用次数等因素对猩红B光催化降解的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,壳聚糖能有效负载CdS纳米微晶.采用Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型描述壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合颗粒可见光光催化降解猩红B反应动力学行为,在猩红B初始质量浓度较低(≤20 mg/L)时,光催化降解过程符合假一级动力学方程.降低猩红B初始浓度和溶液pH都可显著增大光催化降解速率常数;催化剂投加量小于0.7 g/L时,光催化降解速率随其增加而增大,但催化剂投加量过大会使光催化降解速率减小;催化剂重复使用第5次时,猩红B光催化降解速率常数仍为第1次使用时的63.4%.     

电镀综合废水对DF膜的污染

江苏某电镀厂的电镀综合废水在采用DF膜进行预处理时,膜易受到污染。针对这一问题,采用DF膜生产厂家提供的小试装置,研究探索了膜污染的原因及其具体特征。实验结果表明,在处理电镀综合废水时,DF膜的污染速率较快,而酸洗对DF膜的恢复性较好,研究还证实电镀综合废水中的无氰沉锌水洗液是造成DF膜污染的主要原因。     

雷州半岛土壤重金属分布特征及其污染评价

在雷州半岛采集了106个土壤表层样品,分析了其中8种重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、Hg和As)的全量.结果表明,雷州半岛土壤重金属污染由高到低排序为Ni＞Cr＞Hg＞Cu＞Zn＞Cd＞As＞Pb,Zn、Cd、As和Pb质量浓度均没有超标,Hg和Cu质量浓度超标率亦不高,但Ni和Cr平均质量浓度达49.81、87.13 mg/kg,高于国内外其他对照区域,超标率分别为25.47%和24.53%;重金属元素在雷州半岛各土壤利用类型中分布规律不明显,按4种主要土壤利用类型受重金属污染程度大小排序为甘蔗地＞果园土＞水田＞菜地;雷州半岛土壤综合污染指数总平均为0.970,土壤总体上尚清洁,重金属污染处于警戒水平;雷州半岛各区域中,徐闻、雷州两地土壤重金属质量浓度明显高于其他地区,其主要原因是徐闻、雷州两地成土母质主要为玄武岩,造成土壤Cr、Ni及其他重金属背景值较高.     

悬浮颗粒物在河道滞留塘系统中的沉降与沉积特性

河道滞留塘系统是以颗粒物沉降为污染物主要净化机理的污染河流净化技术.通过1年的现场试验研究,考察了悬浮颗粒物SS在滞留塘中的沉降和沉积特性.在本试验条件下,随水力停留时间(HRT)延长(HRT为1.5～7 h),SS平均去除率逐渐增加,介于20%～40%之间,而SS去除速率则快速降低,SS去除速率与进水SS浓度成正比关系;不同季节河水中SS的沉降性能有较大差异,冬季河水中有机物含量较低的易沉降颗粒物比例较春秋季河水的为高,滞留塘HRT的选择应以去除易沉降颗粒物为标准,本研究条件下5 h以内是适宜的HRT选择范围.在滞留塘动态运行中,SS的沿程沉积量呈指数规律下降.     

吸附法烟气脱硫

燃油和煤炭在燃烧过程中会产生SO2 ,这些SO2 排入大气中 ,形成酸雨 ,严重破坏生态环境 ,危害人类健康。一个世纪以来 ,人们对烟气脱硫作出了很大的努力 ,但常见的脱硫技术具有投资大、运行费用高 ,甚至有二次污染等问题。吸附法烟气脱硫工艺简单、脱硫效率高 ,是一种具有深入研究价值与应用前景的方法     

Role of illumination intensity in microcystin development using Microcystis aeruginosa as the model algae

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) is one of the most common genera of cyanobacteria in algal blooms. In the present work, the impact of the...     

Preparation of in-situ nitrogen-doped lignin-based porous carbon and its efficient adsorption of chloramphenicol in water

Porous carbon is an excellent absorbent for pollutants in water. Here, we report a breakthrough in performance of porous carbon based on lignin prepared using sodium lignosulfonate (SLS), potassium carbonate and melamine as precursor, activator and nitrogen source, respectively. A series of characterization tests confirmed that in-situ nitrogen doping greatly enhanced porous structure, resulting in a specific surface area of 2567.9 m² g^?1 and total pore volume of 1.499 cm³ g^?1, which is nearly twice that of non-nitrogen-doped porous carbon. Moreover, adsorption experiments revealed that at 303 K, the saturated adsorption capacity of chloramphenicol was as high as 713.7 mg g^?1, corresponding to an improvement of 33.7%. Further, the prepared porous carbon exhibited a strong anti-interference against metal ions and humic acid. The adsorption process was confirmed to be an endothermic reaction dominated by physical adsorption, indicating that an increase in temperature is conducive to adsorption. The results of this study show that nitrogen-doped lignin-based porous carbon prepared by in-situ doping is a promising material to significantly alleviate water pollution owing to its low cost, excellent pore structure and good adsorption properties.

     

饮用水中硝酸根的催化还原研究进展

由于化肥的过度使用 ,造成地下水中硝酸盐的污染日益严重。饮用水中高浓度的硝酸盐对人类健康会产生极大的威胁。本文综述了催化还原脱除水中硝酸根的研究进展和现状 ,并对其发展趋势进行了简单的论述。