佛山市郊菜地土壤理化性质与重金属含量及其相关性

对佛山市郊主要菜地土壤理化性质与重金属污染状况及其之间的相关性进行分析。结果表明：菜地土壤呈酸性,有机质含量偏低,而碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量普遍较高。Cd平均含量超出国家土壤环境质量二级标准,但Cu、Zn、Ni、Ph、Cr平均含量都在国家二级标准内,Cd是主要污染因子。pH与速效磷、碱解氮、速效钾存在极显著或显著负相关关系;碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾三者之间均存在极显著正相关关系;Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb和Cr之间存在极显著或显著正相关关系,它们具有同源关系,并呈现复合污染的趋势;pH与Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Cd呈正相关;有机质与Cu、Zn、Ph、Cr表现出中等正相关;碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾与所有重金属都呈负相关,但相关性不显著。     

广州环境竞争力评价与提升对策

随着城市环境的日益重要,城市环境竞争也日趋激烈.本文在深入分析城市环境竞争力概念的基础上,构建简明的城市环境竞争力评价模型,对包括广州在内的12个国内大城市的2 011年的环境竞争力进行评价,对比广州环境竞争力的优势与劣势,并提出广州环境竞争力提升的对策措施.     

华南地区城市道路雨水径流对降雨特征的响应机制——以深圳市为例

合理设计道路面源污染控制设施(如低冲击开发设施)需要深入掌握被治理地区的径流污染特征及其影响因素。通过利用单变量与多变量数据分析相结合的方式对位处华南地区的深圳市道路雨水径流特性进行研究,结果表明道路雨水径流污染与降雨特征和污染物种类有着密切的关系。氮类污染物在小雨强所产生的降雨径流中浓度较高而颗粒物则相反,化学需氧量和磷随降雨特征变化相对较小。这说明不同的污染物种类呈现出对降雨特征不同的响应机制。因此在设计相关径流污染控制措施时,应该选择合适的降雨类型作为设计依据以满足对不同污染物的去除要求。     

金川矿区表土金属空间污染特征及磁学响应

采集金川铜镍矿区及周边表层土壤样品26个,基于环境磁学方法对样品开展了金属元素（Cu、Ni、Cr、Fe、Sr、Ti、Pb和Mn）的含量分析及相关分析,采用单因子污染指数和内梅罗污染指数评价方法对研究区域表土金属污染状况进行评价.研究区域表土磁学特征与金属元素含量呈明显空间分布差异,体现为：矿区源地 > 加工区域 > 繁忙路段 > 门岗区域 > 其他区域;受Cu和Ni元素污染的土壤样品为重度污染,Cr、Pb、Ti、Sr等金属为轻度污染和中度污染;χ_lf、SIRM、χ_ARM和HIRM数值相对较高,表明研究区域亚铁磁性矿物含量较高;研究区表层土壤样品磁晶粒度特征以较粗的假单畴（PSD）和多畴（MD）颗粒为主导;相关分析结果表明Cu、Ni、Cr、Fe、Pb和Mn元素之间皆存在较好的相关性,其中Cu、Ni显著（R=0.91）;χ_lf和SIRM、χ_ARM与各金属的相关性较为突出（0.52≤R≤0.78）,表明磁参数可有效监测城市表土重金属污染状况,快速圈定重金属污染的区域与范围,为城市表土污染监测工作提供快速有效的数据支持.     

一次强降水过程TWP16风廓线雷达资料分析

利用TWP16风廓线雷达资料,对2019年8月10—15日"利奇马"台风在辽宁盘锦登陆引发的强降水天气过程进行诊断分析.结果表明,风廓线雷达资料从时间和空间上能准确清晰地对这次强降水的天气系统变化过程进行连续监测.对流层中下层径向速度大于9 m/s(极值为11.2 m/s)、SNR大于55 dB(极值为70 dB)、Cn2大于1.0×10–10、速度谱宽大于2.5 m/s是强降水发生发展阶段,整个大气层垂直风场运动与降水过程有着较好的对应关系.对流中下层垂直下沉速度数值越大,降水越强,SNR能够很好地揭示强降水发生、发展、结束时雷达接收到目标散射信号的强弱,Cn2最大值1.0×10–10出现的最大探测高度和持续时间与降水有密切的关系.降雨不同高度层内,速度谱宽与其降雨量存在着显著的线性关系,即降雨强度越强,速度谱宽数值越大,反之利用速度谱宽的变化趋势可以得到降水强的变化趋势.研究结果揭示了风廓线雷达水平风廓线、径向速度、SNR、速度谱宽与降雨强度之间的内在联系,为风廓线雷达应用在降雨天气监测提供了参考.     

Global perspectives and future research directions for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil: A knowledge mapping analysis from 2001 to 2020

• The overall global perspective of the PHMCS field was obtained. • PHMCS research has flourished over the past two decades. • In total, 8 clusters were obtained, and many new hot topics emerged. • “Biochar,” “Drought,” “Nanoparticle,” etc., may be future hot topics. • Five future directions are proposed. In total, 9,552 documents were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection and subjected to knowledge mapping and visualization analysis for the field of phytoremediation of HM-contaminated soil (PHMCS) with CiteSpace 5.7 R3 software. The results showed that (1) the number of publications increased linearly over the studied period. The top 10 countries/regions, institutions and authors contributing to this field were exhibited. (2) Keyword co-occurrence cluster analysis revealed a total of 8 clusters, including “Bioremediation,” “Arsenic,” “Biochar,” “Oxidative stress,” “Hyperaccumulation,” “EDTA,” “Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,” and “Environmental pollution” clusters (3) In total, 334 keyword bursts were obtained, and the 25 strongest, longest duration, and newest keyboard bursts were analyzed in depth. The strongest keyword burst test showed that the hottest keywords could be divided into 7 groups, i.e., “Plant bioremediation materials,” “HM types,” “Chelating amendments,” “Other improved strategies,” “Bioremediation characteristics,” “Risk assessment,” and “Other.” Almost half of the newest topics had emerged in the past 3 years, including “biochar,” “drought,” “health risk assessment,” “electrokinetic remediation,” “nanoparticle,” and “intercropping.” (4) In total, 9 knowledge base clusters were obtained in this study. The studies of Ali et al. (2013), Blaylock et al. (1997), Huang et al. (1997), van der Ent et al. (2013), Salt et al. (1995), and Salt (1998), which had both high frequencies and the strongest burst scores, have had the most profound effects on PHMCS research. Finally, future research directions were proposed.     

UBAF与IBAC结合工艺应用于化工污水回用的试验研究

在工业废水处理中,化工废水是一种比较难处理的废水。文章介绍了利用UBAF与IBAC结合工艺对化工污水进行 深度处理,使其达到回用的要求,并具有良好的效果。该工艺具有占地面积小,投资省,运行成本底,管理方便等特点。结果 表明:UBAF与IBAC结合的处理工艺对化工污水进行深度处理能够取得良好的效果,处理后的污水完全可以达到循环冷却用 水的水质标准。     

船舶压载水处理技术的应用与研究进展

船舶压载水在船舶航行的安全保障和稳定性提升方面起着至关重要的作用,然而压载水直接排放也造成了海洋污染和外来生物入侵等负面影响.通过研究各国压载水的水质特点及处理现状,总结了当前常用于压载水处理的物理、化学和生物等方法及其原理和特点,介绍了几种现阶段中国自主开发的压载水处理技术和装置以及对各装置的性能及特点进行分析,并提出了各压载水处理设备在使用中应注意的问题.通过总结近年压载水处理所产生的问题对未来压载水处理领域提出一些建议.     

涧河新安县城段河道内生态环境需水量研究

以涧河新安县城区段为例,在统计分析1959年-2010年新安水文站水文资料的基础上,采用水文学中的Tennant法和水力学中的R2CROSS法分析计算了河道内基本生态需水量,另外还计算了河道水质净化需水、河道蒸发渗漏需水、河道最小输沙需水.按照不重复计算的原则,在几个方面需水量中取最大值,得出涧河城区段河道内生态环境需水量为3 010.0 m3/s,此水量是该河段恢复河流生态结构与功能健康的最佳需水量,这一结果对河道的水资源可持续利用和维持河流生态系统平衡都有着重要的参考作用.     

Estimating the amount and distribution of radon flux density from the soil surface in China

Based on an idealized model, both the annual and the seasonal radon ((222)Rn) flux densities from the soil surface at 1099 sites in China were estimated by linking a database of soil (226)Ra content and a global ecosystems database. Digital maps of the (222)Rn flux density in China were constructed in a spatial resolution of 25 km x 25 km by interpolation among the estimated data. An area-weighted annual average (222)Rn flux density from the soil surface across China was estimated to be 29.7+/-9.4 mBq m(-2)s(-1). Both regional and seasonal variations in the (222)Rn flux densities are significant in China. Annual average flux densities in the southeastern and northwestern China are generally higher than those in other regions of China, because of high soil (226)Ra content in the southeastern area and high soil aridity in the northwestern one. The seasonal average flux density is generally higher in summer/spring than winter, since relatively higher soil temperature and lower soil water saturation in summer/spring than other seasons are common in China.