双氰胺-甲醛聚合物-聚合氯化铝复合絮凝剂的合成及应用

以双氰胺、甲醛、氯化铝为主要原料,加入添加剂合成了双氰胺-甲醛聚合物（DF）-聚合氯化铝（PAC）复合絮凝剂。采用模拟印染废水考察了各种因素对DF—PAC复合絮凝剂混凝脱色性能的影响。实验结果表明,在双氰胺、甲醛、氯化铝、添加剂加入量分别为29．1,57．8,4．8,12．5g,反应温度（70±1）℃、反应时间2．5h的条件下制得的DF—PAC复合絮凝剂的絮凝脱色性能良好,COD去除率不小于90％,色度去除率不小于99％。与PAC和DF絮凝剂相比,DF—PAC复合絮凝剂对实际印染废水的絮凝脱色效果更好。     

高压脉冲放电等离子体处理活性红X-3B染料废水

采用高压脉冲放电等离子体技术对活性红X-3B染料废水进行处理,考察了废水电导率、脉冲电压、脉冲频率、针板间距以及曝气量对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,当废水电导率为200μS/cm、脉冲电压为34kV、脉冲频率为60Hz、针板间距为15mm、曝气量为12L/h、处理时间为60m in时,活性红X-3B染料废水脱色率能达到98.6%。     

Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

• Pore structure affects biologically activated carbon performance. • Pore structure determines organic matter (OM) removal mechanism. • Microbial community structure is related to pore structure and OM removal. Optimizing the characteristics of granular activated carbon (GAC) can improve the performance of biologically activated carbon (BAC) filters, and iodine value has always been the principal index for GAC selection. However, in this study, among three types of GAC treating the same humic acid-contaminated water, one had an iodine value 35% lower than the other two, but the dissolved organic carbon removal efficiency of its BAC was less than 5% away from the others. Iodine value was found to influence the removal of different organic fractions instead of the total removal efficiency. Based on the removal and biological characteristics, two possible mechanisms of organic matter removal during steady-state were suggested. For GAC with poor micropore volume and iodine value, high molecular weight substances (3500–9000 Da) were removed mainly through degradation by microorganisms, and the biodegraded organics (soluble microbial by-products,<3500 Da) were released because of the low adsorption capacity of activated carbon. For GAC with higher micropore volume and iodine value, organics with low molecular weight (<3500 Da) were more easily removed, first being adsorbed by micropores and then biodegraded by the biofilm. The biomass was determined by the pore volume with pore diameters greater than 100 μm, but did not correspond to the removal efficiency. Nevertheless, the microbial community structure was coordinate with both the pore structure and the organic removal characteristics. The findings provide a theoretical basis for selecting GAC for the BAC process based on its pore structure.     

惠州市土地资源及其利用保护

从惠州市土地资源及其利用现状入手，分析其在土地资源利用上存在的耕地面积锐减、土地资源承载力下降、耕地土壤肥力下降、水土流失严重以及土壤和农作物被污染等问题，提出相应的土地资源利用和保护措施。     

济南市土壤中酞酸酯的分析与分布

本文对济南市土壤中酞酸酯污染的重点地区进行了比较详细的研究，初步掌握了酞酸酯在土壤中分布状况及分布规律。     

生产性IC反应器厌氧颗粒污泥的生物学特征

IC反应器以絮状污泥接种用于处理酒糟废水,运行至第180d时分别测定反应器第1、第2反应室颗粒污泥的VSS、产甲烷活性、胞外多聚物和辅酶F420等各项生物学指标。结果表明反应器内颗粒污泥具有较强活性,反应器COD去除率基本稳定在95%以上,出水COD不超过1000mg/L。     

Fenton试剂处理选矿废水机理研究

研究了用Fenton试剂处理选矿废水中残余的黄药,分别考查了氧化时间、反应初始pH值、Fe2+浓度及H2O2用量对黄药降解效果的影响,用正交试验确定了4个因素的最好条件。结果表明:初始pH值和H2O2用量是影响去除效果的主要因素;氧化时间为60 m in,反应初始pH=4,[Fe2+]=20 mg/L,[H2O2]=20 mg/L,黄药的浓度为125 mg/L时,黄药的去除率达到99.5%;初步探讨了Fenton试剂净化废水中黄药的机理是.OH自由基先将黄药氧化为过氧化黄原酸盐,再将其氧化为CO2,黄药得到去除。     

Toxicity of copper on rice growth and accumulation of copper in rice grain in copper contaminated soil

Pot soil experiments showed that copper (Cu) is highly toxic to rice. Rice grain yields decreased exponentially and significantly with the increase of soil Cu levels. Rice grain yield was reduced about 10% by soil Cu level of 100 mg kg(-1), about 50% by soil Cu level of 300-500 mg kg(-1) and about 90% by soil Cu concentration of 1,000 mg kg(-1). Root was more sensitive to soil Cu toxicity than other parts of rice plant at relatively lower soil Cu levels (less than 300-500 mg kg(-1)), but the growth of whole rice plant was severely inhibited at high soil Cu levels (300-500 mg kg(-1) or above). Cu concentrations in rice grain increased with soil Cu levels below 150-200 mg kg(-1), but decreased with soil Cu levels above 150-200 mg kg(-1), with peak Cu concentration at soil Cu level of 150-20 mg kg(-1). Cu was not distributed evenly in different parts of rice grain. Cu concentration in cortex (embryo) was more than 2-fold that in chaff and polished rice. More than 60% of the Cu in grain was accumulated in polished rice, about 24% in cortex (embryo), and about 12% in chaff. So, about 1/3 of the Cu in rice grain was eliminated after grain processing (chaff, cortex and embryo was removed).     

Screening 31 endocrine-disrupting pesticides in water and surface sediment samples from Beijing Guanting reservoir

For screening 31 potential or suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides in water and surface sediments, a multiresidue analysis method based on gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD) was developed. Solid phase extraction (SPE) technology with Oasis^® HLB cartridge was also applied in sample extraction. The relevant mean recoveries were 70–103% and 71–103% for water and sediment, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSD) are 2.0–7.0%, 4.0–8.0% for water and sediment, respectively. Thirty one pesticides (-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), aldrin, heptachlor, endosulfan I & II, p,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulphate, methoxychlor, hepachlor epoxide, -chlordane, γ-chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, dicofol, acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, chlorpyriphos, nitrofen, trifluralin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin) in water and surface sediment samples from Beijing Guanting reservoir were analyzed. Concentrations of pesticides ranged from 7.59 to 36.0 ng g⁻¹ on a dry wt. basis for sediment samples, from 279.3 to 2740 ng l⁻¹ for pore waters and from 48.8 to 890 ng l⁻¹ for water samples, respectively, with a mean concentration of 10.7 ng g⁻¹ in sediment, 735 ng l⁻¹ in pore water and 295 ng l⁻¹ in water, respectively. The data obtained provides information on the levels and sources of endocrine-disrupting pesticides in Guanting reservoir. These results underscore the need to improved environmental protection measures in order to reduce the exposure of the population and aquatic biota to these endocrine-disrupting compounds.     

不同混凝剂处理低温低浊水

针对低温低浊水处理难度大的问题进行了一系列的混凝实验,实验结果表明,随着混凝剂投加量的增加,剩余浊度呈现先降低后升高的趋势,单独使用HPAC时,剩余浊度在投加量为14 mg/L时达到最低(2.39 NTU)。pH值对余铝含量具有重要的影响,3种铝系混凝剂均在pH=7.0时余铝含量达到最低。AlCl3对水中有机物的去除率较其他3种混凝剂低。絮体形成与破碎受搅拌强度的影响很大,当破碎强度增加到50 r/min,使用PACl、HPAC、FeCl3作混凝剂时絮体粒径下降不明显,当破碎强度增加到100 r/min时,絮体粒径有明显的下降。破碎结束后,絮体粒径有所恢复,但是并不能增长到破碎前的粒径。PACl、HPAC以及FeCl3形成的絮体的沉降性较好,上覆水浊度下降较快,经过3 h的沉降后,剩余浊度分别达到1.82、1.44和0.97 NTU。