Bioaugmentation and quorum sensing disruption as solutions to increase nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors treating nitrate-rich wastewater

Bioaugmentation of denitrifying bacteria can serve as a promising technique to improve nutrient removal during wastewater treatment. While denitrification inhibition by bacterial quorum sensing (QS) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been indicated, the application of bacterial QS disruption to improve nitrate removal from wastewater has not been investigated. In this study, the effect of bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 on nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors that treat nitrate rich wastewater was assessed. Additionally, the potential of a quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) to improve denitrification following bacterial bioaugmentation was evaluated. Curcumin, a natural plant extract, was used as a QSI. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and initial nitrate concentration of the influent were 700±20 mg/L and 200±10 mg/L respectively, and their respective concentrations in the effluent were 56.9±3.2 mg/L and 9.0±3.2 mg/L. Thus, the results revealed that bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 resulted in an increased nitrate removal to 82%±1%. Further, nitrate was almost completely removed following the addition of the QSI, and activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase increased by 88%±2% and 74%±2% respectively. The nitrogen mass balance indicated that aerobic denitrification was employed as the main pathway for nitrogen removal in the reactors. The results imply that bioaugmentation and modulation of QS in denitrifying bacteria, through the use of a QSI, can enhance nitrate removal during wastewater treatment.     

中国石化环保技术评估体系研究

介绍了中国石化环保技术评估体系的5个研究内容:选择适合于中国石化的环保技术评估方法;确立评估体系框架;确定指标权重;分析评价结果;对体系可行性进行验证。     

珠江三角洲气溶胶光学厚度的观测研究

利用2004年1月至2007年6月的多波段太阳光度计数据反演珠江三角洲地区的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),对仪器定标方法和反演结果进行了分析,并以反演结果为基准,比对检验MODIS的AOD产品.分析表明:在使用Langley法进行仪器定标时,用迭代方法进行数据筛选处理,定标结果更为合理.统计结果显示:珠三角区域春季AOD值较大,秋夏季次之,冬季较小;4个站点AOD的季节变化特征具有一致性;珠三角区域AOD的年平均值大于0.7,气溶胶造成的到达地表的直接可见光辐射透过率衰减至少有50%一60%,造成严重的霾天气;从频率分布看,AOD值主要集中在0.4～0.6区间.4个站点的α值在1.2～I.6区间内所占的比例很高.频率分布类似,表明此区域内气溶胶粒子平均有效半径较小且较一致,同属于城市-工业型气溶胶类型;α与AOD没有明显的可辨析关系,通过样本统计和典型个例分析,表明区域内清洁与污染过程气溶胶粒子模态稳定,平均半径变化不大,粒子数浓度上的差别是产生消光效果不同的主要原因.以地面太阳光度计反演的AOD为基准,验证MODIS卫星遥感的AOD,结果表明,MODIS卫星遥感AOD在珠三角区域具有较好的量化精度,并初步建立珠三角区域卫星遥感AOD的订正公式.     

浅析中国石化清洁生产存在的问题及解决对策

总结了中国石化清洁生产工作的发展历程,分析了目前清洁生产工作开展中存在的问题,并提出持续开展清洁生产工作的建议。     

SNCR脱硝技术在循环流化床中的应用

利用CFD进行数学建模,分析了某厂220 t/h CFB锅炉的温度及流场分布情况。在此基础上,针对性的设计开发了满足工艺要求的喷枪并对喷射位置进行了优化,模拟了还原剂与烟气混合情况,确定了工程设计参数。工程测试结果表明,系统脱硝效率及氨逃逸率均达到设计要求,其中脱硝效率最高可超过75%。     

城市河流水生植物氮含量和氮同位素记录及其对水体氮污染的响应

城市生产和生活活动排放大量含氮污染物到城市河流中,造成水质下降、水体富营养化.河流水生植物已被广泛用于水体氮污染的评价和去除,但目前水生植物氮利用的过程机制并不十分清楚,这阻碍了利用水生植物的氮素地球化学指标去评价河流水体氮污染状态.本研究采集西南地区流经贵阳市区的南明河河水和水生植物样本,通过分析氮浓度和同位素组成,...     

Blending Modification of PHBV/PCL and its Biodegradation by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas mendocina</Emphasis>

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a biodegradable polymer synthesized in microorganisms. The application of PHBV is limited by certain material disadvantages. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) possesses excellent thermodynamic and mechanical properties and was used to modify PHBV in the presence of triethyl citrate (TEC) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP), which was used as plasticizer and grafting agent, respectively. The effects of PCL and additive agents on the mechanical, thermal, amphipathic and degradability behaviors of the blends were investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the PHBV blends improved by PCL incorporation and improved even further after TEC and DCP addition. The addition of DCP could not induce an increase in crystallization temperature but improved the crystallization degree of the blends. The presence of hydrophilic groups in TEC leads to an apparent increases in the hydrophilicity of the PHBV blends. A PHBV/PCL blend (40/60) with TEC (20 wt.%) and DCP (0.5 wt.%) was chosen for its good mechanical properties and hydrophilicity. The chosen ratio of the blends was also shown a preferable degradation activity by biodegradation assay using Pseudomonas mendocina. The addition of TEC and DCP has no conspicuous negative effect on the biodegradation.     

ZnCl_2法污泥含炭吸附剂对模拟烟气中气态汞的吸附

采用改进的ZnCl2化学活化法制备污泥含炭吸附剂,利用EDS以及氮吸附等多种测试手段对所制得的污泥含炭吸附剂进行表征,并利用其处理模拟烟气汞污染物,实验结果表明,污泥含炭吸附剂对Hg0的吸附包括物理吸附作用和化学吸附作用,以物理吸附作用为主;随着Hg0入口浓度的提高,污泥含炭吸附剂的Hg0饱和吸附容量增大;随着吸附反应温度的升高污泥含炭吸附对Hg0的吸附作用减弱;在吸附反应温度125℃,Hg0入口浓度60.4 ug/m3,污泥含炭吸附剂和选定的活性炭对Hg0的吸附容量分别为81.2 ug/g和53.8 ug/g,污泥含炭吸附剂对Hg0的吸附作用好于选定的活性炭.     

用甲基异丁基甲酮从电子废料中萃取金及条件优化

以电子废料中的金为研究对象,用统计学方法对甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)萃取电子废料中金的影响因素进行了探讨和分析.同时,通过Plackett-Burman实验设计筛选出相比、萃取时间和萃取温度为主要影响因素,并应用响应面方法分析得到了这3个因素的优化结果.数据统计分析结果表明,最佳的萃取条件为相比0.58、萃取时间9.0min、萃取温度20℃,在此条件下金的萃取率最高可达98.36%.萃取液经质量分数5%的草酸溶液还原,反萃金的回收率可达到96.2%.     

群体感应在Pseudomonas aeruginosa生物强化反硝化中的应用研究

采用模拟废水研究了群体感应对反硝化菌株定植（即生物强化作用）及反硝化作用的影响.反硝化功能基因napA表达结果表明,菌株Pseudomonas aeruginosa能够在反应器中成功定植.通过对不同反应器中信号分子的测定发现,群体感应有利于菌株的定植,硝酸盐的去除效率由55%±3.0%提升至81%±3.8%.在菌株定植成功的反应器中加入群体感应淬灭酶后,信号分子失活,促使反应器中硝酸盐的去除率进一步提升至95%以上.