H2O2处理酸性大红GR染料废水的研究

通过对废水pH值、H2O2用量、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度等工艺条件的考察,确定了H2O2催化氧化处理酸性大红染料废水的最佳工艺条件pH 4、H2O2用量6 mL/L、催化剂用量3 g/L、反应时间100 min、反应温度70℃.在该条件下,COD和色度的去除率分别为76.7%和99.4%;通过反应前后的紫外-可见光光谱分析表明,H2O2催化氧化处理酸性大红GR染料废水有比较好的效果,为该工艺处理酸性大红GR染料废水提供了科学依据.     

7种拟除虫菊酯农药对卤虫的急性毒性研究

为了研究7种拟除虫菊酯农药对美国大盐湖卤虫(GSL Artemia)的急性毒性效应,挑选18~24 h内孵出的卤虫,继续培养24 h后得到Ⅱ~Ⅲ龄卤虫无节幼体,将其暴露于所设浓度梯度的拟除虫菊酯溶液中进行24 h急性毒性实验,记录卤虫无节幼体在各浓度溶液中的死亡情况,并将所得数据进行Probit分析。结果表明,卤虫对不同拟除虫菊酯的敏感性相差较大。氯菊酯、氯烯炔菊酯、炔咪菊酯、胺菊酯、联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯对卤虫的24 h半致死浓度(24 h-LC50)分别为4.68、14.82、18.12、38.21、>100、>100和>100 mg.L-1。因此,在含有卤虫的盐水环境中,应尽量避免使用毒性较高的氯菊酯,而选择使用联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯等毒性较低的农药。     

地下水DNAPLs污染的研究进展

地下水有机污染特别是DNAPLs污染是当前国际上地下水污染控制的热点问题。本文综述了DNAPLs的监测技术、DNAPL在含水层的迁移及DNAPb污染场地修复技术的研究进展。     

An integrated method for the rapid dewatering and solidification/stabilization of dredged contaminated sediment with a high water content

• An integrated method, called PHDVPSS, was proposed for treating DCS. • The PHDVPSS method showed superior performance compared to conventional method. • Using the method, water content (%) of DCS decreased from 300 to<150 in 3 days. • The 56-day UCS from this method is 12‒17 times higher than conventional method. • Relative to PC, GGBS-MgO binder yielded greater reduction in the leachability. To more efficiently treat the dredged contaminated sediment (DCS) with a high water content, this study proposes an integrated method (called PHDVPSS) that uses the solidifying/stabilizing (S/S) agents and prefabricated horizontal drain (PHD) assisted by vacuum pressure (VP). Using this method, dewatering and solidification/stabilization can be carried out simultaneously such that the treatment time can be significantly shortened and the treatment efficacy can be significantly improved. A series of model tests was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results indicated that the proposed PHDVPSS method showed superior performance compared to the conventional S/S method that uses Portland cement (PC) directly without prior dewatering. The 56-day unconfined compressive strength of DCS treated by the proposed method with GGBS-MgO as the binder is 12‒17 times higher than that by the conventional S/S method. DCS treated by the PHDVPSS method exhibited continuous decrease in leaching concentration of Zn with increasing curing age. The reduction of Zn leachability is more obvious when using GGBS-MgO as the binder than when using PC, because GGBS-MgO increased the residual fraction and decreased the acid soluble fraction of Zn. The microstructure analysis reveals the formation of hydrotalcite in GGBS-MgO binder, which resulted in higher mechanical strength and higher Zn stabilization efficiency.     

Cu/Cr co-stabilization mechanisms in a simulated Al2O3-Fe2O3-Cr2O3-CuO waste system

• Cu and Cr can be mostly incorporated into CuFe_xAl_yCr_2−x−yO₄ with a spinel structure. • Spinel phase is the most crucial structure for Cu and Cr co-stabilization. • Compared to Al, Fe and Cr are easier to be incorporated into the spinel structure. • ‘Waste-to-resource’ by thermal process at attainable temperatures can be achieved. Chromium slag usually contains various heavy metals, making its safe treatment difficult. Glass-ceramic sintering has been applied to resolve this issue and emerged as an effective method for metal immobilization by incorporating heavy metals into stable crystal structures. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the reaction pathways adopted by multiple heavy metals and the co-stabilization functions of the crystal structure. To study the Cu/Cr co-stabilization mechanisms during thermal treatment, a simulated system was prepared using a mixture with a molar ratio of Al₂O₃:Fe₂O₃:Cr₂O₃:CuO= 1:1:1:3. The samples were sintered at temperatures 600–1300°C followed by intensive analysis of phase constitutions and microstructure development. A spinel phase (CuFe_xAl_yCr_2−x−yO₄) started to generate at 700°C and the incorporation of Cu/Cr into the spinel largely complete at 900°C, although the spinel peak intensity continued increasing slightly at temperatures above 900°C. Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ was more easily incorporated into the spinel at lower temperatures, while more Al₂O₃ was gradually incorporated into the spinel at higher temperatures. Additionally, sintered sample microstructures became more condensed and smoother with increased sintering temperature. Cu / Cr leachability substantially decreased after Cu/Cr incorporation into the spinel phase at elevated temperatures. At 600°C, the leached ratios for Cu and Cr were 6.28% and 0.65%, respectively. When sintering temperature was increased to 1300°C, the leached ratios for all metal components in the system were below 0.2%. This study proposes a sustainable method for managing Cu/Cr co-exist slag at reasonable temperatures.     

麻黄碱在斑马鱼体内的器官特异性蓄积及毒代动力学

麻黄碱（ephedrine,EPH）是一种生物碱,用于减轻感冒、过敏性鼻炎、鼻炎及鼻窦炎引起的鼻充血症状,控制支气管哮喘等,同时还是制造毒品冰毒的原料.EPH已经在地表水中广泛检出,并可能对水生生物甚至生态系统产生不利影响.但目前,EPH在水生生物中的摄取、器官分配和毒代动力学过程还没有受到关注.本研究中将斑马鱼（Danio rerio）在半静态系统中暴露于EPH,研究斑马鱼的不同器官对EPH的吸收、蓄积以及EPH在斑马鱼体内的毒物代动力学.暴露浓度分别为0.01、1.00和100.00 μg·L^-1,暴露14 d后,在斑马鱼脑、肝、肠、卵巢及肌肉中均检测到EPH,高浓度组斑马鱼脑中EPH最高达到84.97 ng·g^-1;EPH的平均含量的相对大小遵循以下顺序：脑 > 卵巢 > 肝 >肠 > 肌肉.斑马鱼器官中的麻黄碱的摄取速率常数（K_u）为0.23~570.31 L·（kg·d）^-1,消除速率常数（K_e）为1.22~6.11 d^-1,半衰期为0.12~0.57 d.观察到的生物富集系数（BCF_o）和动力学来源的生物富集系数（BCF_k）范围分别为0.24~337.33 L·kg^-1和0.13~316.43 L·kg^-1,处于相同的水平.     

基于平稳与非平稳GEV模型的鄱阳湖流域极值降水模拟

论文基于鄱阳湖流域降水数据,采用平稳和非平稳GEV模型进行极值降水的模拟和分析。检测各站年最大1 d降水量序列（AMS1）的非平稳特征,将时间作为位置参数的协变量进行非平稳AMS1序列的GEV模拟。结果表明：1）鄱阳湖流域AMS1序列的形状参数基本均大于0,服从Fréchet分布;位置和尺度参数的空间分布较一致,形状参数则有差异。2）在较高重现期下由轮廓似然方法估计的置信区间比Delta方法更准确;重现水平的轮廓似然函数曲线在较高重现期之下呈较显著不对称性。3）不同重现期下的鄱阳湖流域极值降水等值线图的空间分布特征,与位置和尺度参数的分布图更为接近,与形状参数的差别则较大。4）基于非平稳GEV模型得到赣县站随时间变化的极值降水设计值,其在1951年的100 a一遇设计值到2010年下降为接近50 a一遇,预示着未来发生极值降水和洪灾的风险加大。     

荸荠对铜绿微囊藻的化感抑制作用研究

采取植物种植水培养、植物浸提液培养及植物共培养3种培养方式研究了荸荠对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响.结果发现:荸荠植株种植水、荸荠浸提液以及荸荠与铜绿微囊藻共培养均对铜绿微囊藻的生长产生了化感抑制作用.100%浓度的荸荠浸提液对铜绿微囊藻生长抑制率达到91.40%,而荸荠与铜绿微囊藻共培养时对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制率为86.83%.这两者之间的差异并不显著,直接验证了荸荠能够通过不断地向水体中释放化感物质来长久、有效地抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长.     

巢湖表层沉积物重金属生物有效性与生态风险评价

以巢湖表层沉积物为对象,对重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni和Pb)总量及形态进行分析并运用潜在风险指数法和风险评价编码两种方法对巢湖表层沉积物重金属的生态风险进行了评价.结果表明,巢湖表层沉积物中的重金属含量表现为西部湖区高,东部湖区低的特征,其中南淝河入湖区重金属含量是全湖的1.09~1.21倍.BCR形态分析表明,巢湖表层沉积物中Cr、Ni和Cu以残渣态为主(分别占总量82.99%、63.63%和54.25%),Cd和Zn以弱酸提取态为主(分别占总量55.96%和35.84%),Pb以可还原态和可氧化态为主(分别占总量39.66%和24.56%).潜在生态风险危害指数(RI)表明,南淝河入湖河口区域具有较大生态风险(RI值范围为351.54~381.17).风险评价编码方法(RAC) 的结果显示,Cd处于极高风险水平,Zn基本处于高风险水平,Cu 和Ni处于中低风险,Pb处于低风险水平,Cr各采样点均处于无风险.因此, 对需着重考虑对南淝河入湖湖区的Cd和Zn元素的重点治理.     

滦河口水文环境要素季节性变化特征及动力响应关系

基于2013年夏、冬季的最新实测资料,分析研究了滦河口海域温度、盐度、Chl a、浊度和DO等水文环境要素的季节性变化特征。结果表明:温度季节性差异较大,夏季呈现近岸向远岸递减之趋势,冬季与夏季截然相反,呈现由近岸向远岸递增之趋势;冬季水体的盐度要高于夏季,河口南部近岸存在向南流动的低盐水舌,夏季的范围大于冬季;冬季水体的浊度远高于夏季,且在河口以北和以南海域存在高值区,表现出夏储冬运的输运特征。冬季水体的Chl a和溶解氧也高于夏季,反映了Chl a、DO与温度的负相关性。各水文要素与潮汐潮流之间具备一定相关性。温度、Chl a、DO的变化极有规律,涨潮期间,温度、Chl a和DO减小,落潮期间增大,单周日内表现出双峰结构,且峰值不同。水体浊度在周日内也出现两次峰值,均出现于两次较大流速发生时刻。