CuO/TiO2-H2O2可见光催化亚甲基蓝脱色效果及影响因素研究

以水解法制备的锐钛矿型TiO2为载体,制备了CuO/TiO2型光催化剂.以亚甲基蓝为对象,在可见光照射下研究了H2O3加入量、pH值和催化剂投加量对脱色效果的影响,同时与改性前的TiO2催化剂进行了脱色效果的对比.结果表明亚甲基蓝在碱性条件下能较好脱色,H2O2用量和CuO/TiO2催化剂投加量分别为每1 000 mL反应液各加入10 mL和0.1 g时脱色最好;另外,TiO2催化剂也在碱性条件下能较好脱色,H2O2用量和催化剂投加量分别为每1 000 mL反应液各加入12.5 mL和0.1 g时脱色最好.最优条件下对比实验表明,CuO/TiO2型催化剂在可见光照射下具有很高的催化活性,亚甲基蓝2 h脱色率达到88%,远好于改性前的TiO2和Degussa P25催化剂.     

两汉时期长安与洛阳都城水旱灾害对比研究

通过对两汉时期长安与洛阳都城水旱灾害发生频率的统计,发现从西汉初年（公元前202年）至东汉末年（公元220年）的400多年里,水旱灾害发生频率具有如下明显的特点：（1）不论是长安还是洛阳地区,作为都城时期,水旱灾害的发生频率都远远高于其非都城时期;（2）对于长安或洛阳同一地区来说,水旱灾害的发生具有同步性,即同一个地区,水灾多的时期旱灾也多。根据分析,导致以上结果的主要原因是,由于都城人口增加,社会经济发展对于土地的需求量增大,城市建设向着靠近河流低地及易涝、易淹没地区扩展,遇到河流涨水就会成灾。另外,由于都城建设及人口增加,在都城及其周围,各种自然资源的开发利用和消耗大幅度的增长,对城市周边生态环境的干扰破坏也大大加重,造成生态环境迅速恶化,也是导致长安与洛阳地区在作为都城的时期水旱灾害频繁发生的重要因素。     

二氧化碳活化对蜂窝活性炭制备及其性能的影响

在以糠醛渣碳粉、粘土、酚醛树脂和羧甲基纤维素制备了蜂窝碳产品并炭化的基础上,研究了CO2活化制取蜂窝活性炭产品时活化温度、活化时间、CO2流量的影响,得出了最佳制备条件是活化温度850℃、活化时间150min、CO2流量150ml／min,并就蜂窝活性炭产品的脱硫性能及流体力学性能与其它形态活性炭进行了对比。结果表明,蜂窝活性炭的脱硫率及累积脱硫量较高,压降较低。     

安徽琅琊山石蒜属植物分布及开发应用

根据对安徽省琅琊山石蒜属植物资源的调查、研究和鉴定,阐述了琅琊山石蒜属植物资源的种类、生境分布、药用价值及园林利用价值,为进一步开发利用该属植物提出了建议。     

PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs in water samples from the Three Gorge Reservoir

The Three Gorge Reservoir (TGR) is the largest reservoir in China and its water quality is an important health concern, we have determined the concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs in the water samples collected at three seasons: August 2004, January 2005 and August 2005. The results showed that the average WHO-TEQ of total dioxins-like compounds (PCDDs/PCDFs+PCBs) was 0.06558 pg l(-1), ranged from 0.0008 to 0.32439 pg l(-1), which are much lower than other reported water sources. The main dioxins (PCDDs/PCDFs) are hepta- and octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) and chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDFs). Since the levels of dioxins may change after the last water-store stage, the present study provides important data to compare the water quality in the TGR in the future.     

The impact of eutrophication on the biogeochemical cycling of mercury species in a reservoir: a case study from Hongfeng Reservoir, Guizhou, China

The mercury distribution and speciation in the water column were investigated from November 2003 to September 2004. The distribution and concentrations of total mercury (THg) and particulate mercury (PHg) showed that algae had a large capacity to bind mercury in late spring (e.g. in May). It is shown that dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) concentrations may also be affected by algae activities. The MeHg profile in the water column at a highly eutrophied site in Hongfeng Reservoir demonstrated that most of the MeHg was produced in the hypolimnion, whereas the MeHg profile pattern at another site with less eutrophication indicated that MeHg in water was largely ascribed to release from sediment. In September, the outflow of the reservoir was enriched with MeHg, which was 5.5 times higher than that in the inflows. The discharge of MeHg-concentrated water from the anoxic hypolimnion in the reservoir may pose a risk to downstream fauna.     

防烟面罩的研究

针对森林火灾对扑火人员的生命和健康构成严重危害的实际情况,采用高新技术、高分子透明耐高温罩体材料和带静电的超细纤维过滤材料,经粘合加工技术,研制成功了森林消防专用的多功能防护器具--防烟面罩,可以增强使用者的自防自救能力,减少或避免伤亡事故的发生.     

碱性氧化焙烧回收含铬污泥中的铬

采用碱性氧化焙烧工艺回收含铬污泥中的铬,以浸出渣作为焙烧填料,最佳工艺条件为：含铬污泥加入量10g,浸出渣加入量8g,焙烧温度700℃,焙烧时间40min,n（Cr2O3）：n（NaNO3）：n（Na2CO3）：n（NaOH）=1：2：3．5：10。在此条件下,碱性氧化焙烧工艺铬浸出率高达98％以上。     

基于计算机流程模拟的氨合成工段节能减排分析

采用过程稳态模拟方法,通过计算机模拟氨合成工段生产流程,以灵敏度分析为手段,对某合成氨厂合成工段制冷系统和换热系统进行节能减排分析。分析结果表明：氨冷温度为-10—0℃时,放空气中氢气排放量呈线性递减;在-7℃时,氨气排放量存在一个极大值;氨冷温度对氢气排放量和制冷量的影响明显,而对氨气排放量影响很小;塔前预热器（热侧）出口气体温度越低,废热锅炉回收热量越多,水冷器损失热量越少;预热器出口气体温度为110℃时,系统回收热量与损失热量相等。最后,提出了节能减排的清洁生产方案。     

Acute and chronic toxicities of tributyltin to various life stages of the marine polychaete Hydroides elegans

Experiments were performed to determine the acute and chronic toxicities of tributyltin (TBT) (nominal concentrations) to polychaete Hydroides elegans. Firstly, static tests were performed to examine the lethal effect of TBT on five life stages of H. elegans. The 48-h LC(50) (95% CI) for the eggs, 2-cells, trochophores, juveniles and adults was 0.18 (0.15-0.20), 0.97 (0.77-1.23), 2.36 (2.11-2.65), 2.86 (2.63-3.12) and 4.36 (4.04-4.71) microg TBT l(-1), respectively. Secondly, a 17-d static renewal chronic test was conducted to study sensitivity of the early development (egg to juvenile) to TBT. The survivorship, percent settlement and time to reach settlement were significantly reduced at 0.01 microg TBT l(-1). Effects of TBT on the juvenile growth and maturation were also studied through a 44-d chronic test. Lower survivorship and reduced tube growth were observed only at >or= 1 microg TBT l(-1), however, only H. elegans exposed to or= 0.1 microg TBT l(-1). Our results indicate that the early development of H. elegans is highly sensitive to TBT and this polychaete can be routinely employed as a test organism for both acute and chronic ecotoxicity bioassays in tropical and subtropical regions such as southern China.