江苏省生态工业园区建设中的问题和对策研究

近年来,随着科学发展观的深入贯彻落实,生态文明成为国家发展的重要战略,推进园区生态化建设也成为经济发达地区产业结构调整和节能减排的重要措施,本文介绍了近年来国内生态工业园区建设经验,着重分析了江苏省生态工业园区建设现状和存在的问题,提出了加快推进生态工业园区建设的对策措施。     

烧结烟气脱硫灰-矿渣复合粉反应性能的研究

烧结烟气脱硫灰中由于含有大量的亚硫酸钙和游离氧化钙,在将其直接用于胶凝材料时,不但延长凝结时间,降低早期强度,而且还容易导致水泥硬化体体积膨胀,恶化硬化体性能。实验研究了脱硫灰不同掺入方式和掺入量,以及氧化温度对复合粉反应性能的影响。结果表明,在将脱硫灰经过550℃氧化处理后,再采用加水预拌的方式,在脱硫灰掺入量为5%时可获得具有较好反应性能的复合粉。     

滇池流域水资源问题与对策研究

近年来滇池流域水资源矩缺,水质污染问题突出,严重制约流域社会经济的可持续发展.对流域水资源问题进行分析研究,探讨了滇池保护治理的措施和对策.     

氧化时间对总氮测定结果的影响研究

根据总氮前期氧化的特点,对氧化时间进行了分段试验研究,得到氧化时间对总氮分析结果的影响结论,提出了总氮分析时对氧化时间的控制建议。     

高级光化学氧化技术及其应用

高级光化学氧化技术被认为是在处理有害有毒、难生物降解有机污染物方面比较有效的方法,主要的光化学氧化技术包括:真空紫外(VUV)光分解;紫外(UV)/氧化剂氧化;UV-Fenton氧化和感光材料的高级光化学氧化。高级光化学氧化技术对卤代烃污染物、含硫有机污染物、染色废水及其他有机污染物有较好的处理效果,在工程上得到了应用,是一项有效的废水处理新技术。     

Enzyme extraction by ultrasound from sludge flocs

Enzymes play essential roles in the biological processes of sludge treatment. In this article, the ultrasound method to extract enzymes from sludge flocs was presented. Results showed that using ultrasound method at 20 kHz could extract more types of enzymes than that ultrasound at 40 kHz and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) methods. The optimum parameters of ultrasound extraction at 20 kHz were duration of 10 min and power of 480 W. Under the condition, ultrasound could break the cells and extract both the extracellular and intercellular enzymes. Ultrasound power was apparently more susceptive to enzyme extraction than duration, suggesting that the control of power during ultrasound extraction was more important than that of duration. The Pearson correlation analysis between enzyme activities and cation contents revealed that the different types of enzymes had distinct cation binding characteristics.     

Degradation of chlorpyrifos in laboratory soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity

Degradation of chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The degradation half-lives of chlorpyrifos at levels of 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg in soil were calculated to be 14.3, 16.7, and 18.0 d, respectively. The Biolog study showed that average well color development (AWCD) in soils was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by chlorpyrifos within the first two weeks and thereafter recovered to the similar level as the control. A similar variation in the diversity indices (Simpson index 1/D and McIntosh index U) in chlorpyrifos-treated soils was observed, no significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index H' was found in these soils. With increasing chlorpyrifos concentration, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) extended and its inhibitory effects on soil microorganisms were aggravated. It is concluded that chlorpyrifos residues in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial functional diversity.     

Combined alkaline and ultrasonic pretreatment of sludge before aerobic digestion

Alkaline and ultrasonic sludge disintegration can both be used as pretreatments of waste activated sludge (WAS) for improving the subsequent anaerobic or aerobic digestion. The pretreatment has been carried out using different combination of these two methods in this study. The effect was evaluated based on the quantity of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in the pretreated sludge as well as the degradation of organic matter in the following aerobic digestion. For WAS samples with combined pretreatment, the released COD was in high level than those with ultrasonic or alkaline treatment. When combined with the same ultrasonic treatment, NaOH treatment resulted in more solubilization of WAS than Ca(OH)2. For combined NaOH and ultrasonic treatments with different sequences, the released COD were in the order: simultaneous treatment > ultrasonic treatment following NaOH treatment > NaOH treatment following ultrasonic treatment. For simultaneous treatment, low NaOH dosage (100 g/kg dry solid), short duration (30 min) of NaOH treatment, and low ultrasonic specific energy (7 500 kJ/kg dry solid) were beneficial for sludge disintegration. Using combined NaOH and ultrasonic pretreatment with the optimium parameters, the degradation efficiency of organic matter was increased from 38.0% to 50.7%, which is much higher than with ultrasonic (42.5%) or with NaOH pretreatment (43.5%) in the subsequent aerobic digestion at the same retention time.     

浅析秸秆综合利用技术推广的制约因素及对策

秸秆是非常重要的生产资料资源,其综合利用途径十分广泛.但泰州地区的秸秆综合利用技术"起步难"的现象依然存在.在此结合泰州的地域特点及农作物收获的季节特征进行分析,结果显示:当地秸秆综合利用技术难以推广的既有主观因素也有客观原因.根据分析结果,提出了合理化的建议和对策,并特别强调了政府的引导作用.     

小麦植株对重金属铅富集特征的研究

采用盆栽法,以小麦为受试作物,通过对其不同生长时期各器官重金属含量的测定,研究小麦植株对重金属铅(Pb)的富集特征.结果表明,总体上看,在Pb胁迫下,Pb主要富集在小麦根部,向地上部分迁移较少;Pb在小麦幼苗期的分布规律为根>叶片;拔节期为根>叶片>茎;抽穗期为根>茎(叶片)>颖壳;成熟期为根>茎>叶片>颖壳(籽实);小麦根部Pb含量分布规律为抽穗期>成熟期>拔节期>幼苗期(除质量分数为400mg/kg时);茎中为抽穗期>成熟期>拔节期;叶片中为在拔节期和抽穗期较大,幼苗期和成熟期相对较小,拔节期达最大值;颖壳中为成熟期>抽穗期.