The application and evaluation research of coffee residue ash into mortar

Coffee residue is usually regarded as a kind of agriculture waste; as its quantity increases the treatment of coffee residue will become an environmental problem. This research is innovative in that it derives the possibility of recycle application using coffee residue ash for cement replacement. In this research, coffee residue is burned in an electronic oven to three kinds of coffee residue ash at 500, 600 and 700 °C, and then appropriate apparatus is used to check the chemical and physical properties of these three types of coffee residue ash. After a general comparison, this study selected 500 and 600 °C coffee residue ashes with 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15 % cement replacements to make 5 cm³ cube mortar specimen to test different curing ages’ compressive strength. Through measurement and experiment, this research found that the compressive strength decreased by adding 500 or 600 °C coffee residue ash into the mortar. By considering waste reduction and practice application, this research derives that using the 600 °C coffee residue ash with 10 % replacement is better than others application, such using result also can get valuable efficiencies of financial and CO₂ reduction.     

Path analysis of factors influencing household solid waste generation: a case study of Xiamen Island,China

Comprehensive study of the factors influencing household solid waste (HSW) generation is crucial and fundamental for exploring the generation mechanism and forecasting future dynamics of HSW. A case study of Xiamen Island, China was employed to reveal the direct and indirect effects of demographic/socioeconomic factors on solid waste generation at the urban household scale. Based on a face-to-face questionnaire and two-stage survey of solid waste generation, a path analysis model was built. Results showed that the proposed path model exhibited good fit indices. Family size and dinning-at-home rate (DR), whose coefficients were ?0.40 and 0.43, respectively, were the two major factors influencing HSW directly. Moreover, family size, education level, employment rate and age structure played different degrees of indirect effects on HSW generation through respective paths, which should not be ignored. In terms of total effects, coefficients of family size, DR and employment rate were ?0.46, 0.43 and ?0.37, respectively, which were three most dominant factors influencing HSW generation. As for waste composition, organic waste was the most representative of HSW dynamics, and was the most sensitive to impact by the factors studied. Quantitative results of this study have important policy implications for sustainable municipal solid waste management.     

You think you are big fish in a small pond? Perceived overqualification,goal orientations,and proactivity at work

Overqualification denotes situations in which job incumbents have higher qualifications than those required for the job. Drawing on the self‐regulatory perspective, we proposed that employees' perception of overqualification positively affects their proactive behavior through the mechanism of role‐breadth self‐efficacy and that this indirect effect is moderated by employees' goal orientations. We tested our hypotheses through two studies. In Study 1, we found that perceived overqualification had a positive indirect effect on employees' proactive behavior through role‐breadth self‐efficacy using a sample of 323 salespeople with a cross‐lagged panel design. In Study 2, the multi‐wave and multi‐source data from 302 teachers confirmed the indirect effect and indicated that performance goal orientation and learning goal orientation moderated the indirect relationship. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

烟台夹河河口海水混合过程的地球化学特征研究

海(咸)水混入是河口河水重要的地质过程,深刻地影响河水地球化学过程。本文系统采集夹河河口水样,分析海淡水混合过程的地球化学特征。结果表明,远离河口段(J10~J14)为淡水性质,主要受水-岩作用及人类活动等影响;近河口段(J1~J8)海水混入严重,F~-、Cl~-、Br~-、SO~(2-)_4、Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、盐度等明显较高,主要受海水混入影响。近河口段存在Na-Ca离子交换过程,约占Na~+总量的0.9%~1.5%,离子交换量随海水混入比例增加而增加,Na~+离子交换量与K~+,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Br~-、F~-、SO~(2-)_4离子交换量相关,且河水离子含量与盐度回归系数略低于与盐度、Na~+交换量回归系数,表明河口段河水离子交换影响河水地球化学特征。     

基于投影寻踪的资源环境综合绩效评估方法研究

资源环境综合绩效评估是建设节约型社会的一项基础工作.在传统的资源环境综合绩效指数中,各种资源消耗和污染物排放绩效的权重相等,导致综合评价结果的合理性受到影响.针对该问题,通过构建投影指标函数和采用遗传算法对投影方向进行优化,提出了基于投影寻踪的资源环境综合绩效评估方法,并应用于2007年中国各省、直辖市和自治区的资源环境绩效评估.研究结果表明,中国资源环境绩效水平空间差异明显,呈现东部高西部低的特征,因此必须合理调整西部地区的经济结构,提高资源利用效率和加强环境保护,实现可持续发展.该方法的权重取值较为客观和科学,评估结果合理,值得推广应用.     

电化学发光、分子印迹技术及其结合技术分析

电化学发光是一种不需要外加激发光源,而且背景信号低,线性范围宽,不需要昂贵设备的方法.分子印迹却是一种具有高度识别性和选择性的新技术.通过结合两者,可制备出具有选择性好、灵敏度高、检测限低、易于操作等特点的分子印迹-电化学发光传感器.近年来,在有毒有害物质、残留农药、药物质量检测以及生物传感器制备等多领域具有广泛的应用.本综述简要介绍电化学发光、分子印迹技术以及分子印迹-电化学发光传感器的应用概况,为今后的检测技术提供了一种新方法.     

Development of a PEMFC-based heat and power cogeneration system

Hydrogen-fed proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has to overcome high installation and operation cost before being adopted as a distributed power candidate. Cogeneration of power and heat is a good approach to increase hydrogen energy utilization rate. A PEMFC-based power and heat cogeneration system is proposed and established in the current study to investigate system’s technological and economical feasibility. This cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) system composes of a 2.5-kW fuel cell stack, hydrogen supply system, air supply system, water and heat management system, and heat recovery system. The control strategies to automate the system operation are realized by a programmable automation controller (PAC) system. Detailed measurement of the system is also constructed along with a web-based human–machine interface (HMI) platform to facilitate experiments and demonstration. Preliminary testing of the CHP system shows good performance of heat and power outputs. System’s electrical power conversion efficiency and thermal efficiency of the CHP system are measured at 38% and 35%, respectively. System combined efficiency therefore reached about 73%.     

超声辅助生物淋滤废旧Zn-C电池锌锰溶出的研究

以氧化硫硫杆菌(A.thiooxidans)为淋滤菌株对废旧Zn-C电池电极材料中的Zn、Mn进行了生物浸提,比较研究了化学浸提、生物淋滤和不同超声辅助方法生物淋滤体系下的Zn、Mn的溶出效率及溶出动力学.结果表明:不同超声辅助方法中,超声+生物淋滤体系Zn、Mn溶出最优,Zn、Mn的最大溶出率分别为94.2%和65.5%,并提高了溶释速率.此外,对于Mn的溶出,化学淋滤体系符合边界层扩散控制模型,生物淋滤和超声+生物淋滤体系符合收缩核Stoke's regime模型,而Zn的溶出均符合化学反应控制模型.     

基于复配改性木质素磺酸铵的环保型木质材料的生命周期评价

利用改性木质素制备的木质材料其生产过程对生态环境有重要的影响.为探讨该环保型木质材料的可行性,利用Ga Bi 6.0软件,对基于复配改性木质素磺酸铵的环保型木质材料(HMIL/WF)进行生命周期评价,比较分析生命周期各生产环节的非生物资源耗竭、酸化效应、富营养化、全球变暖潜值、臭氧层破坏潜能以及光化学臭氧生成潜力等主要环境影响类型.结果表明:在HMIL/WF材料生命周期的3个子系统中,纤维制造子系统对各环境影响贡献值最大,此次是产品成型子系统,后期加工子系统对环境影响最小.全球变暖潜值是HMIL/WF材料环境影响的主要类型,占总环境影响值的73.09%,环境影响大小依次为全球变暖潜值、酸化效应、光化学臭氧生成潜力、富营养化、非生物资源耗竭和臭氧层破坏潜能.热能消耗的环境影响最为严重,占HMIL/WF材料生命周期总环境影响的44.77%.各生产环节的环境影响大小顺序依次为热能消耗、电能消耗、H_2O_2生产、木质素磺酸铵(AL)制备和运输阶段.热能消耗环节的全球变暖潜值、酸化效应、光化学臭氧生成潜力、富营养化和非生物资源耗竭的影响值为HMIL/WF材料生产各环节的最高值;运输阶段产生了最高的臭氧层破坏潜能.与传统中密度纤维板的生命周期环境影响潜值总值(4.71×10~(-9))相比,HMIL/WF材料的环境影响总值(4.22×10~(-9))减少了10.4%.