Conversion of waste plastics into value-added carbon materials

Plastic pollution is a major environmental issue worldwide, calling for advanced methods to recycle waste plastics in the context of the circular economy. Here we review methods and strategies to convert waste plastics into value-added carbon materials, with focus on sources, properties, pretreatment of waste plastics, and on preparation of carbon materials. Pretreatment techniques include mechanical crushing, plastic stabilization and electrospinning. Carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanosheets, carbon spheres and porous carbon are prepared by oxygen-limited carbonization, catalytic carbonization, the template-based method, and pressure carbonization. We emphasize the conversion of polyethene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, halogenated plastics, polyurethane and mixed plastics.

     

MSWNet: A visual deep machine learning method adopting transfer learning based upon ResNet 50 for municipal solid waste sorting

● MSWNet was proposed to classify municipal solid waste. ● Transfer learning could promote the performance of MSWNet. ● Cyclical learning rate was adopted to quickly tune hyperparameters. An intelligent and efficient methodology is needed owning to the continuous increase of global municipal solid waste (MSW). This is because the common methods of manual and semi-mechanical screenings not only consume large amount of manpower and material resources but also accelerate virus community transmission. As the categories of MSW are diverse considering their compositions, chemical reactions, and processing procedures, etc., resulting in low efficiencies in MSW sorting using the traditional methods. Deep machine learning can help MSW sorting becoming into a smarter and more efficient mode. This study for the first time applied MSWNet in MSW sorting, a ResNet-50 with transfer learning. The method of cyclical learning rate was taken to avoid blind finding, and tests were repeated until accidentally encountering a good value. Measures of visualization were also considered to make the MSWNet model more transparent and accountable. Results showed transfer learning enhanced the efficiency of training time (from 741 s to 598.5 s), and improved the accuracy of recognition performance (from 88.50% to 93.50%); MSWNet showed a better performance in MSW classsification in terms of sensitivity (93.50%), precision (93.40%), F1-score (93.40%), accuracy (93.50%) and AUC (92.00%). The findings of this study can be taken as a reference for building the model MSW classification by deep learning, quantifying a suitable learning rate, and changing the data from high dimensions to two dimensions.     

International experience of green development in Western China: an overall review of policy and practice

Green development emphasizes co-development between economic and environmental dimensions, and is a people-centered sustainable development approach. Western China demands green development, and international experience could provide necessary, unique and important help and support for Western China to achieve its green development goals. This paper has made a comprehensive overall review and analysis of international experience in green development policy and its implementation, in particular, OECD countries’ (mostly Australia and Canada) experience have been analyzed following the major policy foci defined by the Task Force on Strategy and Policies on Environment and Development in Western China initiated by China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED). Data and information were gathered from the field surveys and investigations, expert meetings, as well as literature review. The main sessions include policy framework and road map establishment, implementation and performance assessment, co-development between economic development and environmental protection, as well as green employment and poverty alleviation. The paper has addressed five policy considerations for the future promotion of green development in Western China.     

典型进口含铜原料熔炼烟气中重金属的释放特性

为了解我国进口含铜原料熔炼烟气中重金属的释放特性,以近年进口申报的铜精矿、铜锍、铜转炉渣和含铜污泥4种典型含铜原料为研究对象,通过高温管式炉模拟研究不同含铜物料、熔炼温度、熔剂添加比例等条件下,熔炼烟气中重金属的释放特性.结果表明,4种进口含铜原料熔炼烟气中As、Pb质量分数较高,进口铜精矿和含铜污泥熔炼烟气重金属质量...     

燃煤电厂生态电力工业园区建设探讨

燃煤发电是我国煤炭利用的主要渠道,是产生粉煤灰、二氧化硫等污染物的主要来源。利用生态工业学和循环经济原理,对如何实现电厂废物减量化和资源化利用,合理设计生态工业链以及如何建立生态电力工业园,实现电厂可持续发展等问题进行了探讨。     

羟基杀灭赤潮裸甲藻研究

羟基自由基水溶液杀灭赤潮微生物裸甲藻的实验。海水羟基比值浓度达到0.68mg/L时,裸甲藻、细菌从0.89×104/mL、5.2×105/mL减少到低于检测方法的低限值;羟基水溶液比值浓度达到0.6mg/L时,微生物的叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量均低于检测方法的最低限值。实验数据表明羟基是治理赤潮的绿色有效方法。     

塔里木油田库尔勒生活基地生活垃圾处理现状与对策探讨

对塔里木油田库尔勒生活基地生活垃圾的处理现状和主要构成进行调查后,结合所在城市生活垃圾的处理方式,提出库尔勒生活基地生活垃圾"分类收集与回收利用"的途径,分析了实施中可能存在的问题,探讨了具体的对策,强调要从加强环保宣传、明确管理部门责任、完善回收设施、采用半市场化处理的对策思路。     

The integration of HAZOP expert system and piping and instrumentation diagrams

The main purpose of hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis is to identify the potential hazards in the process design which nowadays is generally developed through a computer aided design (CAD) package. Due to the time and effort consuming nature of HAZOP, it is not done in every engineering firm for every design project. To make HAZOP an integral part of process design, an integration framework is proposed in this paper to seamlessly integrate the commercial process design package Smart Plant P&ID (SPPID, Intergraph) with one of the HAZOP expert systems (named as LDGHAZOP) developed by authors. This integration makes it possible to perform HAZOP analysis easily at anytime of the whole lifecycle of a chemical plant as long as the process design is available, which might help the improvement of design quality. One industrial case study is used to illustrate the ability of the integrated system.     

工业过程CO气体浓度检测技术

工业过程中在线对CO气体的分析测量,对钢铁冶金企业能源气回收、环保节能具有重要的作用。提出了近红外CO浓度检测系统,根据光谱吸收原理,采用双光束气体浓度检测技术。系统选用近红外光源和探测器,与传统的中红外波长工作器件相比,成本得以降低。     

废纸回用过程中的废水处理

介绍了武汉市黄陂区一家纸业公司的造纸废水处理工艺。该厂废水经处理后,既能满足造纸工艺的需要,又能达标排放,还能回收尾浆降低生产成本,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。生产实践证明,该工艺对处理废纸再生造纸废水是切实可行的。