东部油田采出污水处理的长远对策

从综合治理，合理利用采出污水的长远利益出发，针对东部油田高含水阶段的新特点，提出地面高效处理，地下控水稳油相结合的治理策略，探讨了相关的技术和方法，并讨论了采出污水回注利用中应加强研究的几个问题。     

减缓贫水化过程的途径再议

根据贫水化的严重形势，应用水循环的原理，提出了减缓贫水化的几个主要途径，对解决城市淡水短缺有参考意义。     

布袋式除尘器在电厂输煤系统上的应用

针对胜利电厂皮带输煤系统粉尘浓度高、污染环境、影响职工身体健康的问题，用布袋式除尘器替代原有的静电除尘器，并对布袋除尘器辅助系统进行了多处改进和完善，提高了运行的可靠性。投运后粉尘质量浓度由原来的18．3mg／m^3降低至1．68mg／m^3，除尘效率达到了98％以上。     

绿色建筑评析

介绍了绿色建筑发展背景,阐述了绿色建筑的概念和设计主旨,将可持续发展的概念与建筑相结合探讨了绿色建筑未来的发展方向。     

地震应急的影响因素分析

本文在理论分析、国内外历史震例和救灾案例研究的基础上,同时参照我国的相关政策和法律法规文件,对影响地震应急(包括震前准备和震后应急行动)的因素进行了初步分类,并系统讨论了这些因素影响地震应急的方式、途径和程度.以期为地震应急的理论研究和地震应急的实际工作提供部分补充和指导.     

不同污染等级下阳泉市PM2.5传输特征和潜在源区分析

利用2020~2022年阳泉市的PM_2.5监测数据、NCEP数据及对应时刻天气形势分析的气象资料,采用 HYSPLIT4 后向轨迹模式,引入多站潜在源贡献因子分析法（MS-PSCF）和轨迹密度分析法（TDA）,对阳泉市PM_2.5传输通道和潜在源区分区域、分级别研究. 结果表明：①阳泉市PM_2.5污染主要集中在阳泉和平定,盂县相对较轻,阳泉和平定的不同污染等级天数占比及PM_2.5浓度的平均值和最高值均要明显比盂县高,PM_2.5分布特征与本地特殊地形密切相关. ②小风天气下不同污染等级PM_2.5污染次数最多、PM_2.5浓度最高;东西向区域输送对阳泉和平定PM_2.5污染次数和PM_2.5浓度影响明显,且偏东风贡献显著;盂县中度以上天气以本地污染源影响为主. ③中度以上污染天气生成维持的地面形势主要有4种,暖低压型（22%）、高压前部（底部）型（54%）、高压后部型（14%）和均压场型（10%）,高压前部（底部）型是造成PM_2.5浓度升高的主要地面形势;高空形势主要有2种,平直西风气流型（78%）和西北气流型（22%）,平直西风气流型是造成PM_2.5浓度升高的主要高空形势. ④MS-PSCF和TDA分析法得出的PM_2.5不同污染等级的传输通道和潜在源区结果具有一致性,PM_2.5主要传输通道为东北、东南和西北通道,东北和东南通道为短距离传输,是造成PM_2.5浓度增加的主要路径,西北通道与西北沙尘传输通道一致,属于长距离传输;PM_2.5主要的污染潜在源区位于河北中西部与东南部、河南东北部及其与山东西南部交界处、山西东南部.     

丹江口水库浮游细菌和氮磷循环基因垂直分布特征及其驱动因素

丹江口水库作为南水北调中线工程水源地,不同深度浮游细菌群落组成、 氮磷循环功能及其驱动因素尚未清晰. 选取丹江口水库5个生态点位,采用宏基因组学研究表层、 中层和底层垂直分布浮游细菌群落组成,分析预测氮磷循环功能及其驱动因素. 结果表明,丹江口水库主要由变形菌门、 放线菌门和浮霉菌门等优势种群组成,不同深度来源的浮游细菌群落结构具有显著差异,水温（T）、 氧化还原电位（ORP）、 溶解氧（DO）和Chla是影响浮游细菌群落组成的主要因素. 氮循环功能基因分析表明,主要涉及生物固氮过程、 硝化作用、 反硝化作用和异化硝酸盐还原作用等7个主要途径的gltB、 glnA、 gltD、 gdhA和NRT等39个氮循环功能基因. 磷循环功能基因分析表明,主要涉及有机磷矿化、 无机磷溶解、 调节等6个主要途径的pstS、 ppx-gppA、 glpQ和ppk1等54个磷循环功能基因. 聚类分析表明不同深度是影响氮磷循环功能基因组成和丰度的主要因素,表层和底层氮磷循环功能基因丰度高于中层样品. 奇异球菌属、 嗜氢菌属、 Limnohabitans和棍状杆菌属等是氮磷循环的关键物种. DO、 pH、 T、 总溶解性固体（TDS）、 电导率（EC）和Chla与氮磷循环功能基因显著相关,以上环境因子随丹江口水库深度增加浓度降低或升高,导致浮游细菌氮磷循环功能基因呈明显的垂直分布特征. 通过揭示丹江口水库不同深度浮游细菌群落组成、 氮磷循环功能及其影响因素,可为丹江口浮游细菌生态功能和多样性保护发挥潜在的作用.     

内蒙古典型草原土壤不同剖面深度CO_2通量格局及其驱动因子

土壤CO2的释放能够显著增加大气牛CO2的浓度,增强温室效应,从而对全球气候和环境变化产生重要影响.但是,不同的土壤层对CO2通量的贡献量有很大的差异.文章通过挖坑法结合红外气体分析法研究了内蒙古草原典犁针茅(Stipa krylovii)群落和羊草(Leymus chinensis)群落不同剖面深度土壤CO2通量格局以及影响CO2通量的驱动因素.结果表明,表层土壤移走后,土壤CO2通量的变化可分为瞬时、短期、长期三种格局.新剖面上最初的0～21 min内释放的CO2通量最均大于初始土壤表层CO2通量,而且两者比值随土壤深度增加而增大,也随土壤CO2生产能力增强而增大.2～4 d后,新剖面CO2通量持续下降至低于初始土壤表层CO2通量的水平.形成短期稳定状态.更长时间后,新剖面则逐渐表现出与初始土壤剖面表层相近的CO2通量特征.我们认为,(1)在新剖面形成时的CO2通量瞬时和短期格局主要受土壤中存留的原始CO2的浓度及其扩散过程控制,(2)长期格局则由资源水平和环境条件共同决定的土壤CO2生产能力主导.文章进一步揭示了建立包含垂直分层的SOC分解和CO2扩散过程的生态系统模型的必要性.     

TiO2@palygorskite composite for the efficient remediation of oil spills via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy

• A novel and multi-functional clay-based oil spill remediation system was constructed. • TiO₂@PAL functions as a particulate dispersant to break oil slick into tiny droplets. • Effective dispersion leads to the direct contact of TiO₂ with oil pollutes directly. • TiO₂ loaded on PAL exhibits efficient photodegradation for oil pollutants. • TiO₂@PAL shows a typical dispersion-photocatalysis synergistic remediation. Removing spilled oil from the water surface is critically important given that oil spill accidents are a common occurrence. In this study, TiO₂@Palygorskite composite prepared by a simple coprecipitation method was used for oil spill remediation via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy. Diesel could be efficiently dispersed into small oil droplets by TiO₂@Palygorskite. These dispersed droplets had an average diameter of 20–30 mm and exhibited good time stability. The tight adsorption of TiO₂@Palygorskite on the surface of the droplets was observed in fluorescence and SEM images. As a particulate dispersant, the direct contact of TiO₂@Palygorskite with oil pollutants effectively enhanced the photodegradation efficiency of TiO₂ for oil. During the photodegradation process, •O₂⁻and •OH were detected by ESR and radical trapping experiments. The photodegradation efficiency of diesel by TiO₂@Palygorskite was enhanced by about 5 times compared with pure TiO₂ under simulated sunlight irradiation. The establishment of this new dispersion-photodegradation synergistic remediation system provides a new direction for the development of marine oil spill remediation.     

Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic study on pyrolysis of representative medical waste composition

To obtain detailed information on the pyrolysis characteristics, a thermogravimetric study on the pyrolysis of 14 typical medical waste compositions was carried out in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) equipment using dynamic techniques in a stream of N(2). An index representing pyrolysis reactivity of waste was presented. Kinetic parameters were obtained by Coats-Redfern method and used to model the TG curve. The results showed that: (a) Plastic, protein, cellulosic material, synthetic fibre, and rubber entered pyrolysis process in succession. (b) There was one decomposition stage in the pyrolysis of one-off medical glove, operating glove, cellulosic waste, absorbable catgut suture and adhesive plaster, while other components had two obvious weight loss stages. (c) The obtained apparent activation energy for second stage pyrolysis was comparably higher than that for first stage. (d) Each stage was controlled by only one kinetic mechanism, in which kinetic parameters were constant. (e) The degradation kinetics of medical waste may be affected by special physical and chemical treatment in the product manufacturing process. (f) Among 13 waste samples, the pyrolysis index of cellulosic matter was the highest, which indicated cellulosic matter had strong pyrolysis reactivity. (g) With increasing heating rate, TG curve and DTG peak shifted to high temperatures and main reaction interval of the sample became longer.