硫铁矿烧渣制备硫酸亚铁及效益估算

本文将硫铁矿烧渣熟化处理后得到酸性硫铁铁溶液。正交实验说明影响铁回收率的熟化因素强弱依次为硫酸浓度〉熟化时间〉熟化温度〉硫酸用量，最佳条件下，铁回收率可达９０％，利用废铁还原上述有够制备得到含ＦｅＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ９８％以上的产品，用这种方法充酸亚铁具产品质量好、环境效益和经济效益佳。     

Effects of temperature on population growth and intake of food by the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Population life tables of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were constructed and nutritional parameters of food for the larvae were examined at 5 temperatures from 16℃ to 32℃. The temperature suitable for growth and reproduction of the insect ranged from 20℃ to 28℃ with the optimum of 24℃. Their survivalship and fecundity were much poorer at 32℃ than at 16℃. Indices of population trend of the insect at these temperatures could well fitted with the parabolic curve which theoretically indicated that the population density would multiply by some 660 after one generation circle at the optimal temperature, 22.6℃, and it would decline at temperatures higher than 32.9℃ or lower than 12.3℃. Larval food intake and their AD tended to go up while their ECI and ECD to go down with a rise in temperature. These alterations in population size and feeding behavior caused by temperature would exert an important effect on their damage to crops.     

海岛土地与土地系统生态设计刍议

本文依据生态学理论对海岛土地及土地系统生态功能进行了重新的认识,并探讨了海岛土地系统生态设计的依据、原则和模式.设计中强调以土地系统生态保护性功能为主体,以海岛土地系统高层次调合发展作为海岛建设的最终目标.     

Effect of SO2-polluted rape plant on growth and reproduction of the turnip aphid,Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach)

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＳＯ_２－ｐｏｌｌｕｔｅｄｒａｐｅｐｌａｎｔｏｎｇｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｔｕｒｎｉｐａｐｈｉｄ，Ｌｉｐａｐｈｉｓｅｒｙｓｉｍｉ（Ｋａｌｔｅｎｂａｃｈ）￥ＷｕＫｕｎｊｕｎ；ＧｏｎｇＰｅｉｙｕ；ＬｉＸｉｕｚｈｅ?..     

Effects of temperature on population growth and intake of food by the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Population life tables of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were constructed and nutritional parameters of food for the larvae were examined at 5 temperatures from 16℃ to 32℃. The temperature suitable for growth and reproduction of the insect ranged from 20℃ to 28℃ with the optimum of 24℃. Their survivalship and fecundity were much poorer at 32℃ than at 16℃. Indices of population trend of the insect at these temperatures could well fitted with the parabolic curve which theoretically indicated that the population density would multiply by some 660 after one generation circle at the optimal temperature, 22.6℃, and it would decline at temperatures higher than 32.9℃ or lower than 12.3℃. Larval food intake and their AD tended to go up while their ECI and ECD to go down with a rise in temperature. These alterations in population size and feeding behavior caused by temperature would exert an important effect on their damage to crops.     

我国危险废物的污染控制现状和对策研究

我国危险废物污染问题相当严重,已经成为我国环境工作者面临的一个重要问题。本文对我国的危险废物污染控制现状进行了分析,并结合国情提出了我国危险废物的控制对策和建议。     

电解铝厂周边土壤和农作物氟污染评价

通过对广西某电解铝厂周边大气、土壤和农作物氟化物污染进行监测评价,结果表明:铝厂周围大气氟污染与采样点到铝厂距离无明显相关,却与采样点的方位成显著相关;土壤中水溶氟的含量与采样点到铝厂距离呈负相关.农作物玉米叶片氟污染物主要来自于铝厂排放的氟化物.玉米果实样品中的氟含量除对照点属于中度污染外,其余样点样品均属重污染.     

Game theoretic analysis of environmental impact assessment system in China

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) system has been established in China since 1973. In present EIA cases, there are four participants in general: governments, enterprises, EIA organizations and the public. The public has held responsible for both social costs and social duties. The public supervises social costs produced by enterprises discharging pollutant in EIA. However public participation is mostly deputized by governments, which severely weaken the independence of the public as one participant in EIA. In this paper, EIA refers to the different attitudes of the participants whose optional strategies may be described by a proper game model. According to disfigurements in EIA, three sides (governments, enterprises, and EIA organizations) dynamic iterative game theory, dynamic game theory of incomplete information, and perfect Bayesian equilibrium theory to analyze the reciprocity relation among governments, EIA organizations and enterprises. The results show that in a short period, economic benefit is preponderant over social benefit. Governments and enterprises both do not want to take EIA to reveal social costs. EIA organizations’ income comes from enterprises and the collusions are built between them to vindicate economic benefit. In a long run, social benefit loss caused by environmental pollution must be recuperated sooner or later and environmental deterioration will influence the achievements of economic benefit, so both governments and enterprises are certain to pursue high social benefit and willing to take EIA, helpful to increase private benefit. EIA organizations will make fair assessment when their economic benefit are ensured. At present, the public as silent victims can not take actual part in EIA. The EIA system must be improved to break the present equilibrium of three sides, bringing the public to the equilibrium to exert public supervision.     

立柱无土栽培研究初报

立柱无土栽培研究初报龚颂福，李止正（中国科学院上海植物生理研究所上海２０００３２）关键词立柱无土栽培；蔬菜；花卉ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＳＯＩＬＬＥＳＳＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＳＯＮＶＥＲＴＩＣＡＬＣＯＬＵＭＮＳ￥ＧｏｎｇＳｏｎｇｆｕａｎｄＬｉＺｈｉｓｈｅｎｇ...     

Effects of wastewater disinfection on waterborne bacteria and viruses.

Wastewater disinfection is practiced with the goal of reducing risks of human exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. In most circumstances, the efficacy of a wastewater disinfection process is regulated and monitored based on measurements of the responses of indicator bacteria. However, inactivation of indicator bacteria does not guarantee an acceptable degree of inactivation among other waterborne microorganisms (e.g., microbial pathogens). Undisinfected effluent samples from several municipal wastewater treatment facilities were collected for analysis. Facilities were selected to provide a broad spectrum of effluent quality, particularly as related to nitrogenous compounds. Samples were subjected to bench-scale chlorination and dechlorination and UV irradiation under conditions that allowed compliance with relevant discharge regulations and such that disinfectant exposures could be accurately quantified. Disinfected samples were subjected to a battery of assays to assess the immediate and long-term effects of wastewater disinfection on waterborne bacteria and viruses. In general, (viable) bacterial populations showed an immediate decline as a result of disinfectant exposure; however, incubation of disinfected samples under conditions that were designed to mimic the conditions in a receiving stream resulted in substantial recovery of the total bacterial community. The bacterial groups that are commonly used as indicators do not provide an accurate representation of the response of the bacterial community to disinfectant exposure and subsequent recovery in the environment. UV irradiation and chlorination/dechlorination both accomplished measurable inactivation of indigenous phage; however, the extent of inactivation was fairly modest under the conditions of disinfection used in this study. UV irradiation was consistently more effective as a virucide than chlorination/dechlorination under the conditions of application, based on measurements of virus (phage) diversity and concentration. Taken together, and when considered in conjunction with previously published research, the results of these experiments illustrate several important limitations of common disinfection processes as applied in the treatment of municipal wastewaters. In general, it is not clear that conventional disinfection processes, as commonly implemented, are effective for control of the risks of disease transmission, particularly those associated with viral pathogens. Microbial quality in receiving streams may not be substantially improved by the application of these disinfection processes; under some circumstances, an argument can be made that disinfection may actually yield a decrease in effluent and receiving water quality. Decisions regarding the need for effluent disinfection must account for site-specific characteristics, but it is not clear that disinfection of municipal wastewater effluents is necessary or beneficial for all facilities. When direct human contact or ingestion of municipal wastewater effluents is likely, disinfection may be necessary. Under these circumstances, UV irradiation appears to be superior to chlorination in terms of microbial quality and chemistry and toxicology. This advantage is particularly evident in effluents that contain appreciable quantities of ammonia-nitrogen or organic nitrogen.