高效工程菌的构建及其降解有机农药的研究进展

综述了目前环境治理保护中构建高效工程菌常用的质粒转移、原生质体融合和基因重组等方法。介绍了工程菌在处理有机农药污染方面的降解性能及其固定化研究,并简要阐述了工程菌改造及应用方面所存在的问题及未来的研究展望。     

舟曲“8．7”泥石流的特征及其防治措施初探

2010年8月7日晚,舟曲县城发生特大泥石流灾害,导致了巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失。文章从地质构造、地形地貌、新构造运动与地震、气象和水系水文条件等五方面阐述了舟曲县自然环境整体背景,并分析了此次“8．7”泥石流形成的地形、物源和水源条件,总结了“8．7”泥石流的特征。在此基础上,为舟曲灾后重建提出了工程措施与生态措施相结合的防治建议。     

盐肥耦合对农作物生长影响的研究现状

土壤盐渍化是制约现代农业发展的重要因素之一,作物耐盐度既受自身遗传性状的影响,也与土壤环境、化肥施用等方面有关。因此在改良盐碱地的基础上,制定适宜的农田施肥管理制度,成为当前盐渍土合理利用及提高农作物产量的重要环节。文章就盐肥耦合对一些作物生长影响方面的研究现状做一综述。     

杭州市“十二五”环境保护规划中期评估研究

杭州市“十二五”环保规划已实施过半,为了评估规划的实施效果,根据规划内容分析评估了规划指标、主要任务、重点工程、政策措施等四方面的完成情况,梳理了实施过程中存在的三个问题。一是污染物减排动力依然大,二是环境质量改善任重道远,三是隐性污染威胁环境安全。针对存在问题,提出了强化领导健全机制、落实问责制度、加大“三清”行动（清洁水源、清洁空气、清洁土壤）力度、加大产业转型力度、加强环境依法建设、加大环保投入力度等六项对策措施。     

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a phenanthrene-degrading strain isolated from oil-contaminated soil

Bacterium strain EVA17 was isolated from an oil-contaminated soil, and identified as Sphingomonas sp.based on analysis of 16S rDNA sequence, cellular fatty acid composition and physiological-chemical tests. The salicylate hydroxylase and catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase (C23O) were detected in cell-free lysates, suggesting a pathway for phenanthrene catabolism via salicylate and catechol. Alignment showed that both of the C23O and GST genes of the strain EVA17 had high similarity with homologues of strains from genus Sphingomonas. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA and C23O gene sequence indicated that EVA17 should be classified into genus Sphingomonas, although the two phylogenetic trees were slightly different from each other. The results of co-amplification and sequence determination indicated that GST gene should be located upstream of the C230 gene.     

浅议“创模”指标的变化与发展

根据“十五”、“十一五”期间“创模”指标体系,分析了各阶段指标体系差异和变化,而最新的指标体系能更全面地反映环境质量。同时,“创模”指标的变化趋势分析表明,“创模”指标的发展必然是反映当时的环保工作重点,“创模”的基本条件门槛会不断提升,“创模”指标的内涵会不断丰富,以确保国家环境保护模范城市的先进性和示范性。     

Chronosequence analysis of two enclosure management strategies in degraded rangeland of semi-arid Kenya

The establishment of enclosures has become an important measure to combat land degradation in many of the world's semi-arid rangelands. In view of the increased pressure exerted by this land reclamation strategy on the neighbouring agricultural lands, knowledge of the time required for restoring vegetation cover and soil health, and of the potential positive impact of an adapted management strategy, is highly required. This paper assesses the vegetation and soil rehabilitation in a 23-year chronosequence of two different enclosure management types. In the severely degraded, semi-arid Njemps Flats plain of the Lake Baringo Basin in Kenya communal enclosures characterised by high quality inputs and strict control, and private enclosures managed by individual farmers, were installed since the 1980s. Six communal enclosures (3–17 years since establishment) and six private enclosures (13–23 years since establishment) were selected. Vegetation cover was estimated along three 50 m transects set within each enclosure and in the adjacent open grazing area using the point-to-line transect method. Five 0.5 m² quadrats systematically placed alongside each transect were sampled for herbaceous standing biomass and topsoil physical, chemical and biological analyses. Grass cover and herbaceous biomass production proved to be the most responsive biotic parameters under both management types, whereas the recovery of the forbs was unsuccessful. Under communal management, the biomass production fully recovered up to its optimal level as recorded in the neighbouring nature reserves. Within private enclosures however, the adopted management strategies seriously restricted biomass production to a significantly lower level. Soil quality generally recovered more slowly with time. Significant improvements compared to the open rangeland were recorded in topsoil bulk density, organic C and total N stocks, and microbial biomass C and N stocks of the communal enclosures. Unlike the communal enclosures, only topsoil bulk density and the microbial biomass C stock showed a significant difference in the private enclosures. With respect to C and total N stocks, and the microbial biomass N a non-significant improving trend was recorded. The level of chemical and biological soil quality obtained under both management types is still low and draws the attention to the importance of careful monitoring of grazing and grass cutting activities under both enclosure management strategies. The chronosequences further highlight the potential of some well-managed private enclosures, whereas intrinsic soil properties such as high alkalinity, as well as changes in management, limit the rehabilitation of some other private as well as communal enclosures.     

煤助滤强化城市污泥脱水后的热值资源化利用

研究了以颗粒煤为助滤剂,采用"真空一加压"二段式过滤强化城市污泥脱水的工艺效果.利用热值分析、工业分析和TG-DTA测试手段考察了泥煤混合物料热值资源化利用的前景.实验表明:按m(泥):m(煤)分别为1∶2和1∶3,向含水率为96.41%的消化污泥中添加粒度为0.15～0.18 mm颗粒煤,经0.02 MPa真空过滤3...     

GIS在环境地质调查中的应用

对GIS系统及其在环境地质评价工作领域的应用作了分析介绍,对环境地质信息系统建立的要求进行了概要的论述。在此基础上,对利用GIS进行上海地区环境地质调查成果管理过程中的有关问题进行了必要的探讨,并提出了对策。     

一氧化碳基础吸附剂的筛选与优化

通过研究不同材质、不同前处理和不同粒度的活性炭成分子筛，在一定条件下对ＣＯ吸附量的差异，以及吸附碳性能，进行筛选和优化，得到对ＣＯ有较好附性能的基础吸附剂，并对其添加改性剂Ｂ进行改性，研究结果表明，改性后的活性炭（酸洗３２～３８日）吸附剂对ＣＯ的吸附量有显著提高，平衡吸附量为８４．０７ｍｇ／ｇ，提高率为７９．３％，可为研制新型防御ＣＯ滤毒剂提供依据。