Emissions of intermediate volatility organic compound from waste cooking oil biodiesel and marine gas oil on a ship auxiliary engine

Ship auxiliary engines contribute large amounts of air pollutants when at berth.Biodiesel,including that from waste cooking oil(WCO),can favor a reduction in the emission of primary pollutant when used with internal combustion engines.This study investigated the emissions of gaseous intermediate-volatile organic compounds(IVOCs) between WCO biodiesel and marine gas oil(MGO) to further understand the differences in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production of exhausts.Results revealed that WCO exhaust exhibited similar IVOC composition and volatility distribution to MGO exhaust,despite the differences between fuel contents.While WCO biodiesel could reduce IVOC emissions by 50% as compared to MGO,and thus reduced the SOA production from IVOCs.The compositions and volatility distributions of exhaust IVOCs varied to those of their fuels,implying that fuel-component-based SOA predicting model should be used with more cautions when assessing SOA production of WCO and MGO exhausts.WCO biodiesel is a cleaner fuel comparing to conventional MGO on ship auxiliary engines with regard to the reductions in gaseous IVOC emissions and corresponding SOA productions.Although the tests were conducted on test bench,the results could be considered as representative due to the widely applications of the test engine and MGO fuel on real-world ships.     

2001—2018年基于MODIS遥感影像的青海湖湖冰物候变化特征分析及其影响因素

青海湖是青藏高原上最大的咸水湖,研究该区域冬季湖泊冻融时间的变化趋势及其与气候变化之间的关系,可以为预测未来气候对青海湖水情变化提供重要的见解。根据冰的亮度温度值高于水的亮度温度值这一差异,使用2001—2018年MODIS MOD02QKM数据产品和Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像分别提取了青海湖开始冻结、完成冻结、开始消融和完成消融四个时间点的数据,综合分析青海湖湖冰物候特征变化,并结合气象数据,得出湖冰物候变化对气候的响应。结果表明：青海湖每年11月左右进入冰期,12月开始形成稳定的冰盖,次年3月或4月开始消融。湖冰覆盖时长和封冻期的变化趋势基本相同,整体上呈现出缩短的趋势,湖冰消融期整体上呈现出先缩短后增加的趋势;2001—2018年,平均首日冻结面积为8.15%,平均冻结速率为192.02 km²?d^?1,开始冻结和完成冻结的日期略有延迟,开始消融和完成消融的日期已经大大提前;冬季温度越高,青海湖湖冰封冻时间越短,日照时数越长湖冰覆盖时长越短,对于湖冰消融期来说,降水量越多湖冰消融速度越慢,平均风速越大湖冰消融速度越快。初步认为,气温是湖冰冻融的主要因素,预测未来1—2 a青海湖冬季气温仍会呈现上升趋势,湖冰封冻时长也会出现缩短趋势。     

基于百分位数法的中国空气质量改善效果评估分析

为更好地说清楚《大气污染防治行动计划》实施以来,我国环境空气质量状况、变化趋势及存在可能的风险,基于百分位数法和算术平均值法,分别对全国及重点区域空气质量改善效果开展评估分析.结果表明,我国目前业务上广泛应用的算术平均值法对空气质量评价与管理起到了积极推动作用,促进了空气质量持续改善.随着治污减排措施的持续推进,区域空气质量改善进程呈现显著的时空差异特征,现行评价技术方法局限性逐渐凸显出来.百分位数法可以在算术平均值法的基础上,补充评价时段内高、低浓度的分布规律和变化特征,有助于全面、客观、准确描述空气质量状况.本文提出的研究方法,对于完善我国空气质量评价方法具有重要意义.     

氯气测定方法的讨论

从氯气分析标准曲线出现异常入手，通过试验，将标准曲线绘制步骤略加改动，克服了砾方法曲线的拐点和相关关系数低等弱点，曲线通过原点，相关系数提高到０．９９９以上。     

钢纤维全再生粗骨料混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究∗

混凝土梁良好的抗弯性能是影响建筑结构安全性的重要因素。为研究加入钢纤维的全再生粗骨料钢筋混凝土梁抗弯力学性能,设计了 4 根全再生粗骨料混凝土梁和 1 根天然粗骨料混凝土梁,主要设计参数为全再生粗骨料取代率,钢纤维体积分数,预损程度以及碳纤维布(CFRP)加固。通过单调加载试验对 5 根梁的破坏形态、荷载- 跨中挠度曲线、钢筋应变变化特征等抗弯性能进行了研究,采用 ABAQUS 有限元软件对各试件的加载过程进行了建模分析,基于现有规范和试验数据对各试件的峰值承载力计算方法进行了研究。研究结果表明,各试件梁均发生典型受弯破坏,掺加纤维后梁的受压区混凝土破碎脱落范围减小;全再生粗骨料混凝土梁的抗弯承载能力较普通混凝土梁降低约 6%,掺加钢纤维后梁的抗弯承载力较未掺加钢纤维的全再生粗骨料混凝土梁提高约 5%,钢纤维的掺入亦可改善混凝土梁的变形能力;采用碳纤维布直接加固后的梁承载力提高约 20%,先预损后进行碳纤维布加固后的梁承载力可提高约 14%,碳纤维布还可显著提高试验梁的整体刚度;ABAQUS 有限元软件分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,可较为准确地模拟梁的破坏形态和抗弯性能;现有规范公式及文中修正方法得到的抗弯承载力计算值与试验值相比误差较小,二者均可用于钢纤维全再生粗骨料混凝土梁的设计。     

Alleviation of atrazine toxicity to maize seedlings grown in soils with amendment of biochar derived from wheat under different temperatures

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The effects of different biotransformation temperatures (250, 550, and 850 °C) and different dose (0–1%) of biochar on the physiological...     

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)对人骨髓间充质干细胞PPARs亚型及分化潜能的影响

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors,PPARs)是全氟辛烷磺酸(perflurooctane sulfon-ate,PFOS)的首要分子靶标,但PPARs各亚型在PFOS毒性效应中可能产生不同调控作用,相关机理并不清楚.本研究采用人骨髓间...     

Enhanced biohydrogen generation from organic wastewater containing NH 4+ by phototrophic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides AR-3

NH₄⁺ is typically an inhibitor to hydrogen production from organic wastewater by photo-bacteria. In this experiment, biohydrogen generation with wild-type anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroideswas found to be sensitive to NH₄⁺ due to the significant inhibition of NH₄⁺ to its nitrogenase. In order to avoid the inhibition of NH₄⁺ to biohydrogen generation by R. sphaeroides, a glutamine auxotrophic mutant R. sphaeroides AR-3 was obtained by mutagenizing with ethyl methane sulfonate. The AR-3 mutant could generate biohydrogen efficiently in the hydrogen production medium with a higher NH₄⁺ concentration, because the inhibition of NH₄⁺ to nitrogenase of AR-3 was released. Under suitable conditions, AR-3 effectively produced biohydrogen from tofu wastewater, which normally contains 50–60 mg/L NH₄⁺, with an average generation rate of 14.2 mL/L·h. This generation rate was increased by more than 100% compared with that from wild-type R. sphaeroides.