突发型大气污染源位置识别反演问题的数值模拟

在突发型大气污染事件中,能否根据临时监测数据对污染源的位置进行快速识别,对于城市大气污染源的控制管理以及改善城市空气质量意义重大.为了构建突发型大气污染源位置识别的空间反演算法,本文通过分析大气应急污染监测的临时采样数据,结合污染物浓度扩散模型,随机生成污染源和计算污染物浓度的空间分布,对突发型大气污染源进行定位并与实际测量结果进行对比分析,采用蒙特卡洛模拟(Monte Carlo simulation)对相关参数进行讨论,最终构建能对突发型大气污染源进行快速估计定位的空间反演算法.研究结果表明,本文构建的空间反演算法输出的污染源坐标与实际情况相符.因此,该算法可用于突发型大气污染源位置的快速识别.     

Study of uncertainty of satellite and reanalysis precipitation products and their impact on hydrological simulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Satellite and reanalysis precipitation products are potential alternatives in hydrological studies, and it is very important to evaluate their...     

New mechanism of FA in composted sludge inducing Cu fixation on Albite in open-pit mine soil

Fulvic acid (FA), typical organic matter derived from humification process in composted sludge, possesses the potential to remediate mine soils contaminated by heavy metals. To understand the cooper (Cu) immobilizing process in open-pit mine soil induced by FA, changes of Cu speciation in mixture of open-pit mine soil and composted sludge was tracked over 180 days. It was observed that the organic-bound and residual fraction of Cu increased dramatically with the corresponding decrease of Fe/Mn oxide-bound Cu in the first 60 days, then the organic-bound fraction decreased to about its initial proportion during 60-120 days, while residual fraction still increased, and the proportion of residual Cu accounted for over 85% and became stable after 120 days. To reveal the mechanism of FA inducing Cu fixation on Albite which is the main phase of soil primary ore, two groups of Cu adsorption experiments with and without FA were designed. With the addition of FA, the adsorption capacity of Cu by Albite increased by 1.55 times and the content of residual Cu in Albite increased by 7.7 times. It was found that the Cu absorbed in smaller Albite particle induced by FA formed a secondary mineral——Chrysocolla, causing increase of residual fraction of Cu. These results revealed the mechanism: FA was absorbed on the surface of Albite after complexing with Cu ions in the solution, and then it induced Cu into the interlayer and pore channels of Albite. The Cu in the Albite was immobilized by forming Chrysocolla finally.     

Mercury release behaviors of Guizhou bituminous coal during co-pyrolysis: Influence of chlorella

Co-pyrolysis of coal and seaweed can not only effectively decrease the carbon footprint but also improve the quality and output of coal pyrolysis products, however, the influence of seaweed on thermal releasing behaviors of mercury during co-pyrolysis process are still unclear. In this work, the chlorella and Guizhou bituminous coal were mixed and used to reveal the mercury release behavior during co-pyrolysis by the temperature programmed pyrolysis experiments, thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) and thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) methods, offering a sufficient explanation on the control technology of mercury pollutants in co-pyrolysis. The results exhibited that a large amount of reducing gases such as CO, H₂ and H₂O were generated in chlorella at the temperature range of 100-500°C, which was favorable for the transformation from oxidized mercury to elemental mercury, thus remarkably increased the release of elemental mercury in the raw coal sample. The mixed chlorella also significantly lowered the decomposition temperature range (from 400-600 to 300-400°C) of pyrite-bound mercury and decreased the decomposition temperatures of the pyrite-bound mercury species. Additionally, in the co-pyrolysis about 91.82% of mercury was released into the gas phase below 400°C and was 13.77% higher than that of in individual pyrolysis of coal.     

Novel chitosan–ethylene glycol hydrogel for the removal of aqueous perfluorooctanoic acid

It is urgent to explore an effective removal method for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) due to its recalcitrant nature. In this study, a novel chitosan-based hydrogel (CEGH) was prepared with a simple method using chitosan and ethylene glycol through a repeated freezing–thawing procedure. The adsorption of PFOA anions to CEGH agreed well to the Freundlich–Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity as high as 1275.9?mg/g, which is higher than reported values of most adsorbents for PFOA. The adsorption was influenced by experimental conditions. Experimental results showed that the main removal mechanism was the ionic hydrogen bond interaction between carbonyl groups (COO^?) of PFOA and protonated amine (NH⁺) of the CEGH adsorbent. Therefore, CEGH is a very attractive adsorbent that can be used to remove PFOA from water in the future.     

Monitoring gas- and particulate-phase short-chain polychlorinated paraffins in the urban air of Dalian by a self-developed passive sampler

The concentration of short-chain polychlorinated paraffins(SCCPs) in the urban air of Dalian,China was monitored from September 2016 to August 2017 with a self-developed passive sampler(PAS1) and an active high-volume sampler, simultaneously. PAS1 successfully collected the entire target SCCPs in the ambient air. Air SCCPs sampled by PAS1 were found be in the linear uptake stage during 181 days of sampling. Passive and active samples showed comparable congener profiles, and the dominant contributors of SCCPs in the two kinds of samples were similar. A significant linear correlation was observed between the total concentration of SCCPs sampled by PAS1 and active sampler in the four seasons. The passive sampling rates of the PAS1 for the gas and particulate phases of SCCPs were measured. The quantitative structure–property relationship of the sampling rate of PAS1(Rair) for gas-phase SCCPs was studied. From the molecular point of view, Rairwas mainly affected by the molecular weight and sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure of SCCPs. In general, SCCPs in the urban air of Dalian mainly existed in gas phase,lower molecular weight SCCPs primarily occurred in the gas phase, whereas higher molecular weight SCCPs were predominately adsorbed or absorbed on airborne particles. The air concentration of SCCPs in the four seasons were different, the correlation of the concentration of SCCPs in the air with the meteorology parameters was conducted. The exposure risk by intake air SCCPs of the residents around the sampling sites was evaluated according to the European risk assessment standards.     

滇池水体总悬浮物散射系数参数化模型

总悬浮物的散射系数是水体非常重要的固有光学量之一,散射系数的参数化研究,对于水体生物光学模型的构建具有非常重要的意义.2009年9月对滇池水体25个样点进行野外采样,对滇池水体水质参数、悬浮物的吸收、散射特征进行分析,并利用乘幂模型对散射系数进行参数化,分析了模型精度与色素颗粒物吸收之间的关系,进而改进乘幂模型.结果表明,在色素颗粒物吸收较强的波段,普通乘幂模型的平均相对误差为0.08,模型改进后相对误差缩小为0.02;在色素颗粒物吸收较弱的波段,会出现模型的过修正,这主要取决于色素颗粒物的吸收,因此,没有必要对乘幂模型进行修正.     

基于事理图谱的电力安全事故预控方法*

为解释全国电力安全事故的演化规律并为预控事故的发生,提出电力安全事故事理图谱的构建与推演方法。以国家能源局发布的全国电力安全生产情况为数据源,使用规则模板提取事件槽对;利用Word2vec训练词向量,通过事件槽相似度计算泛化事件槽,并以热力图矩阵记录泛化权重;采用Neo4j构建事故事理图谱,以泛化权重和事件链的方向预测事故走向。结果表明:方法能够较好地揭示事故演化的关键节点、预演电力安全事故发展路径,为事故的预控提供1种有效的知识服务方案。     

The effect and its critical window for ambient temperature and humidity in pregnancy on term low birth weight

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As common meteorological factors in daily life, there is limited evidence for the effect of ambient temperature and humidity during pregnancy on the...     

动剪切模量与阻尼比的共振柱和动三轴对比试验研究∗

利用 GCTS 共振柱试验仪和循环三轴试验仪分别对砂土和黏土进行了动剪切模量和阻尼比试验,研究了共振柱和动三轴试验得到的规准化动剪切模量比 G/G_max和阻尼比 λ 随剪应变 γ 变化的规律,并考虑了土样类别以及深度对两种方法测得的 G/G_max和 λ 的影响。试验结果表明,共振柱和动三轴两种试验得到的土体 G/G_max和 λ 具有良好的一致性,且与土样的深度和类别无关,可将两种试验方法结合起来共同测定土体 10^-6~10^-2 应变范围内的 G/G_max和 λ,从而为重大工程场地地震效应分析提供宽应变范围内的 G/Gmax和 λ 曲线。