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12.
复合污染中Triton X-100在膨润土/水界面上的吸附行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了水溶液中膨润土对非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100(X-100)的吸附,重点探讨了阳离子表面活性剂CPC、阴离子表面活性剂SDBS、中性无机盐NaCl及温度对膨润土吸附TX-100的影响.结果表明,Na基膨润土吸附TX-100的效果好于Ca基膨润土;低浓度CPC对膨润土吸附TX-100具有增强作用,当CPC初始浓度大于l0000 mg·L-1(平衡浓度Ce约为1CMC)时具有抑制作用,当CPC浓度低于3000 mg·L-1(Ce约为0.03CMC)时,TX-100吸附量与CPC浓度成线性正相关.SDBS能显著降低膨润土对TX-100的吸附,原因是溶液中SDBS与TX-100混合胶束的形成能阻止TX-100与膨润土硅氧表面间的氢键作用及在其表面形成胶束.NaCl的存在可以大大提高膨润土对TX-100的吸附,去除率由56%提高到99%以上.膨润土对TX-100的吸附随温度升高吸附量增大,其吸附热为12.68 kJ·mol-1,标准自由能的减小和熵值的增大是TX-100在膨润土上吸附的推动力.实验结果对用膨润土处理含表面活性剂废水具有一定的理论价值. 相似文献
13.
Combination of biochar amendment and phytoremediation for hydrocarbon removal in petroleum-contaminated soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tao Han Zhipeng Zhao Mark Bartlam Yingying Wang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(21):21219-21228
Remediation of soils contaminated with petroleum is a challenging task. Four different bioremediation strategies, including natural attenuation, biochar amendment, phytoremediation with ryegrass, and a combination of biochar and ryegrass, were investigated with greenhouse pot experiments over a 90-day period. The results showed that planting ryegrass in soil can significantly improve the removal rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and the number of microorganisms. Within TPHs, the removal rate of total n-alkanes (45.83 %) was higher than that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (30.34 %). The amendment of biochar did not result in significant improvement of TPH removal. In contrast, it showed a clear negative impact on the growth of ryegrass and the removal of TPHs by ryegrass. The removal rate of TPHs was significantly lower after the amendment of biochar. The results indicated that planting ryegrass is an effective remediation strategy, while the amendment of biochar may not be suitable for the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. 相似文献
14.
为了研究表面分子印迹聚合物对基质复杂的环境样品中的土霉素的吸附分离效果,以应用最为广泛的土霉素(OTC)为研究对象,利用甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸甲酯为双功能单体、在二氧化硅基质上制备了表面分子印迹聚合物,并对其吸附鸡粪中的四环素类抗生素进行了研究。以聚合物的吸附容量和印迹因子为考核指标,对两种单体的投加比例和二氧化硅的用量进行了优化,确定其合成最佳条件:二氧化硅用量为15 mmol、单体总量一定时各物质的摩尔比为OTC∶MAA∶MMA∶EGDMA=0.08∶2.0∶2.0∶8.0。在此条件下合成的表面印迹聚合物对鸡粪基质中的OTC的最大吸附量可达到9.67 mg/g,印迹因子4.69,可见该表面印迹聚合物对复杂环境样品中的OTC也有良好的吸附性能和识别性能。 相似文献
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137Cs+/90Sr2+-containing radioactive wastewater is one of the most important problems that the world has been facing with. A by-product, activated porous calcium silicate, is generated at high levels by the pre-desiliconizing and soda-lime-sintering processes for producing Al2O3 from high-alumina fly ash. In order to examine if this by-product could be used as an absorbent for removal of 137Cs+/90Sr2+ from radioactive wastewater, various parameters, such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial concentration, were discussed. Results indicated that the equilibrium reached in about 2 hr. Activated porous calcium silicate was highly pH sensitive and able to remove Cs+/Sr2+ in a near-neutral environment. The adsorption equilibrium was best described by Freundlich isotherm equations, and the adsorption of Cs+/Sr2+ was a physical process. The adsorption kinetic data could be better fitted by the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption was controlled by multidiffusion. Current study showed that activated porous calcium silicate has a good adsorption of Cs+/Sr2+ for their removal. However, other characteristics, such as selectivity because of coexisting cations, elution and regeneration, thermal stability, and acid resistance, should be discussed carefully before using it in an actual field.
Implications:Removing 137Cs+/90Sr2+ from radioactive wastewater is one of the tough issues that has been attracting more and more attention world widely, which is the same as fly ash. For recycling high-alumina fly ash, in which Al is extracted to produce Al2O3, a huge amount of activated porous calcium silicate is generated year by year. In this paper, this by-product was successfully used as an absorbent to remove 137Cs+/90Sr2+ from radioactive wastewater for the first time. Factors that affect the absorbability and the mechanisms were discussed in details, providing a possible choice for disposal of 137Cs+/90Sr2+-containing radioactive wastewater. 相似文献
17.
Phytoavailability and geospeciation of cadmium in contaminated soil remediated by Rhodobacter sphaeroides 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A microorganism was isolated from oil field injection water and identified as Rhodobacter sphaeroides. It was used for the remediation of simulated cadmium-contaminated soil. The phytoavailability of Cd was investigated through wheat seedling method to determine the efficiency of remediation. It was found that after remediation, the accumulation of Cd in wheat roots and leaves decreased by 67% and 53%, respectively. The Cd speciation in soil was determined with Tessier extraction procedure. It was found that the total Cd content in soil did not change during the experiments, but the geo-speciation of Cd changed remarkably. Among the five fractions, the concentration of exchangeable phases decreased by 27-46% and that of the phases bound to Fe-Mn oxides increased by 22-44%. The decrease of Cd accumulation in wheat showed significant positive correlation with the decrease of exchangeable phases. It could be concluded that the remediation of R. sphaeroides was carried out through the conversion of Cd to more stable forms. The decrease of sulfate concentration in supernatant indicated that the R. sphaeroides consumed sulfate. 相似文献
18.
通过控制好氧区低DO浓度以及缩短好氧实际水力停留时间(actual hydraulic retention time,AHRT),在处理低C/N比实际生活污水的A2/O工艺中,成功启动并维持了短程硝化反硝化;系统亚硝酸盐积累率稳定维持在90%左右,氨氮去除率在95%以上。通过提取富集氨氧化菌(ammonia oxidizing bacteria,AOB)的基因组DNA,经两次常规PCR扩增和琼脂糖凝胶电泳,以纯化回收的DNA扩增片段作为实时荧光定量PCR检测AOB数量的DNA标准品,建立了检测AOB数量的实时荧光定量PCR标准曲线。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术比较了A2/O系统在不同运行条件及亚硝酸盐积累率情况下AOB菌群数量。结果表明,随着系统亚硝酸盐积累率的上升,系统内AOB菌群数量也大幅上升。全程硝化和短程硝化时,系统内的AOB菌群数量分别为5.28×109cells/g MLVSS和3.95×1010cells/g MLVSS。此外,亚硝酸盐积累率的下降相对于AOB菌群数量的下降有一定的滞后性。 相似文献
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