Dithizone-functionalized C18 online solid-phase extraction-HPLC-ICP-MS for speciation of ultra-trace organic and inorganic mercury in cereals and environmental samples

A simple and efficient dithizone-functionalized solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure, online coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, was developed for the first time for enrichment and determination of ultra-trace mercury (Hg) species (inorganic divalent Hg (Hg(II)), methylmercury (CH₃Hg(II)) and ethylmercury (C₂H₅Hg(II)) in cereals and environmental samples. In the proposed method, functionalization of the commercial C₁₈ column with dithizone, enrichment, and elution of the above Hg species can be completed online with the developed SPE device. A simple solution of 2-mercaptoethanol (1% (V/V)) could be used as an eluent for both the SPE and HPLC separation of Hg species, significantly simplifying the method and instrumentation. The online SPE method was optimized by varying dithizone dose, 2-mercaptoethanol concentration, and sample volume. In addition, the effect of pH, coexisting interfering ions, and salt effect on the enrichment was also discussed. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of Hg species for 5 mL water sample were 0.15 ng/L for Hg(II), 0.07 ng/L for CH₃Hg(II), and 0.04 ng/L for C₂H₅Hg(II) with recoveries in the range of 85%–100%. The developed dithizone-functionalized C₁₈ SPE column can be reused after a single functionalization, which significantly simplifies the enrichment step. Moreover, the stability of Hg species enriched on the SPE column demonstrated its suitability for field sampling of Hg species for later laboratory analysis. This environment-friendly method offers a robust tool to detect ultra-trace Hg species in cereals and environmental samples.     

近40年来山东省南四湖水生植被演变及其驱动因素

基于2019年南四湖水生植被调查结果,结合历史资料,分析了1983～2019年全湖水生植被演变情况。结果表明:1)近40年来,南四湖优势种数量下降,结构发生改变,耐污种菹草代替不耐污种轮叶黑藻、微齿眼子菜等成为优势种;2)物种丰富度急剧下降,由74种下降为16种;3)水生植被总面积大幅缩减,挺水植物面积减少93.7%;4)单位面积生物量减少,植被生产力降低。造成这种水生植被演变的主要因素包括:1)湖泊水位波动对植被生长影响显著,2002年的极度干旱压缩了水生植被的生存空间;2)湖泊营养水平变化诱发优势种演变更替;3)人类活动干扰水生植被的生长与分布等。建议控制湖区内不当的人类活动,更好地保护南四湖湿地生态系统的健康,促进水生植被的恢复。     

长江流域生态产品价值实现机制与成效评价

探索建立生态产品价值实现机制对于推动长江流域生态保护与经济发展协调具有重要意义.从生态产品保护、价值转化、保障机制等3个方面出发,构建生态产品价值实现成效的综合指标评价体系,全面探析长江流域37个典型城市(州)的生态产品价值实现成效与存在问题.结果表明:该区域生态产品价值实现成效总指数平均为70.48,保护成效、价值转...     

The dispersion,stability, and resuspension of C60 in environmental water matrices

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environmental waters cover a range of water quality characteristics which could greatly affect the behavior and fate of C60 in the aquatic...     

In situ preparation of visible-light-driven carbon quantum dots/NaBiO3 hybrid materials for the photoreduction of Cr(VI)

In this study, different carbon quantum dots (CQDs)/NaBiO₃ hybrid materials were synthesized as photocatalysts to effectively utilize visible light for the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants effectively. These hybrid materials exhibit an enhanced photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in the aqueous medium. Zero-dimensional nanoparticles of CQDs were embedded within the two-dimensional NaBiO₃ nanosheets by the hydrothermal process. Compared with that of the pure NaBiO₃ nanosheets, the photocatalytic performance of the hybrid catalysts was significantly high and 6 wt.% CQDs/NaBiO₃ catalyst exhibited better photocatalytic performance. We performed the first-principles density functional theory calculations to study the interfacial properties of pure NaBiO₃ nanosheets and hybrid photocatalysts, and confirmed the CQDs played an important role in the CQDs/NaBiO₃ composites. The experimental results indicated that the enhanced reduction of Cr(VI) was probably due to the high loading of CQDs (electron acceptor) on NaBiO_3, which made NaBiO₃ nanomaterials to respond in visible light and significantly improved their electron-hole separation efficiency.     

锰氧化物负载施氏矿物去除酸性矿山废水中As(III)的性能及机理

施氏矿物是天然的砷吸附剂,但其存在酸性条件下对As(III)吸附性能较弱且无法对As(III)氧化降毒的缺陷. 采用液相沉淀法成功制备出锰氧化物负载施氏矿物(MnO_x@Sch),研究锰负载量、初始pH值和共存离子对MnO_x@Sch去除As(III)的影响,并采用吸附动力学结合XPS、FTIR及TEM等表征探究该过程的机理. 结果表明:在初始pH=3、投加量为0.5 g·L^-1、As(III)初始浓度为1 mg·L^-1的条件下,As(III)与MnO_x@Sch反应后的剩余浓度仅为2.42~3.38 μg·L^-1.MnO_x@Sch去除As(III)受初始pH影响较小,H₂PO₄^-共存时As(III)去除存在明显的抑制作用. MnO_x@Sch 去除As(III)的过程符合准二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程. 液相化学组分和固相产物表征分析显示MnO_x@Sch对As(III)的去除机理可概括为As(III)氧化、静电吸附和络合配位及配体交换. 研究结果可为施氏矿物及其改性材料应用于酸性矿山废水砷污染治理提供理论依据.     

2013年1月中国中东部大气重污染期间上海颗粒物的污染特征

2013年1月,我国中东部地区连续遭受多场大范围、长时间、高强度的灰霾天气.期间,本研究采用在线连续观测手段测量了上海市城区大气中气态污染物、颗粒物的质量浓度、细颗粒物的化学组分等,获得了高污染过程中颗粒物的污染特征.观测结果显示,1月份期间PM₁₀、PM_2.5与PM_1.0平均浓度分别为(125±75) μg·m^-3、(82±54) μg·m^-3和(44±27) μg·m^-3,PM_2.5/PM₁₀为65.0%±13.0%,能见度小于10.0 km的累计时间长达284 h,占整月小时数的38.2%.灰霾期间大气PM_2.5中SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺和OM分别占PM_2.5的21.5%±4.9%、22.8%±5.9%、15.9%±3.1%和20.4%±4.3%,其中,二次组分(SNA+SOA)占PM_2.5的65.7%±8.4%,表明灰霾期间二次组分对PM_2.5的贡献较大;灰霾期间还测得较高的SOR和NOR,分别为0.335±0.121和0.229±0.066,说明SO₄^2-和NO₃^-的生成效率较高;较高的/比值(1.137±0.438)表明灰霾期间机动车的污染较明显.研究发现,随着PM_2.5质量浓度不断地增加,SNA的比例明显上升,期间NH₄⁺对SO₄^2-、NO₃^-等酸性物质的中和发挥了重要作用.研究结果显示,灰霾期间,因受低温和高浓度颗粒物的影响,上海地区的大气对有机物的氧化能力明显减弱,昼夜OC/EC值差别不大.     

平原河网型水源地水质改善的实践和思考——以嘉兴市石臼漾人工生态湿地工程为例

嘉兴市作为典型的平原河网地区,为解决河网型水源地水质微污染问题,探索建设石臼漾水厂水源人工生态湿地工程,成功改善了水源水质,保障了嘉兴市城乡居民饮用水安全,为平原河网地区采用人工湿地处理饮用水源提供经验。     

Hybrid microbial electrolytic/UV system for highly efficient organic pollutants removal

This study for the first time proposed an efficient microbial electrolyte/UV system for Methyl Orange decomposition. With an external applied voltage of 0.2 V and cathode aeration of20 mL/min, H_2O_2 could be in-situ generated from two-electron reduction of oxygen in cathode, reaching to 8.1 mg/L in 2 hr and continued to increase. The pollutant removal efficiency of approximate 94.7% was achieved at initial neutral pH, with the activation of ·OH in the presence of UV illumination. Although the nature of its guiding principles remain on the vista of practical exploration, this proof-of-concept study provides an alternative operation pattern of solar–microbial hybrid technology for future wastewater treatment from a basic but multidisciplinary view.     

Study on the mechanism and kinetics of manganese release from waste manganese ore waste rock under rainfall leaching

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Manganese released from the piled manganese ore wastes is a great threat to the local ecosystem and human health. The mechanism and dynamic...