Spatial and temporal patterns of microclimates at an urban forest edge and their management implications

Fragmented forests generate a variety of forest edges, leading to microclimates in the edge zones that differ from those in the forest interior. Understanding microclimatic variation is an important consideration for managers because it helps when making decisions about how to restrict the extent of edge effects. Thus, our study attempted to characterize the changing microclimate features at an urban forest edge located on Mt. Gwanak, Seoul, South Korea. We examined edge effects on air temperature, relative humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) during the hottest three consecutive days in August 2016. Results showed that each variable responded differently to the edge effects. This urban forest edge had an effect on temporal changes at a diurnal scale in all microclimate variables, except soil moisture. In addition, all variables except relative humidity were significantly influenced by the edge effect up to 15 m inward from the forest boundary. The relative humidity fluctuated the most and showed the deepest extent of the edge effect. Moreover, the edge widths calculated from the relative humidity and air temperature both peaked in the late afternoon (16:00 h). Our findings provide a reference for forest managers in designing urban forest zones and will contribute to the conservation of fragmented forests in urban areas.     

Transformation of bisphenol A by manganese oxide-coated sand

Oxidative transformation of organic contaminants by manganese oxides was commonly investigated with pure MnO₂ suspension, which deviates from the fact that natural manganese oxides are seldom present as a pure form in the natural environment. In this study, we prepared manganese oxide-coated sand (MOCS) and evaluated its oxidative capacity using bisphenol A (BPA) as the model compound. BPA was transformed by MOCS and the reaction followed an exponential decay model. The reaction was pH dependent and followed the order of pH 4.5?>?pH 5.5?>?pH 6.5?>?pH 7.5?>?pH 8.6?>?pH 9.6, indicating that acidic conditions facilitated BPA transformation while basic conditions disfavored the reaction. Coexisting metal ions exhibited inhibitory effects and followed the order of Fe³⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Na⁺. Transformation of BPA by MOCS was much slower than that by pure MnO₂ suspension. However, similar transformation products were identified in both studies, suggesting the same reaction pathways. This work suggests that the reactivity of MnO₂ in the environment might be overestimated if extrapolating the result from the pure MnO₂ suspension because natural MnO₂ is mainly present as coating on the surface of soils and sediments.     

响应面法优化TiO2纳米管光电极制备及光电催化性能研究

为了探究采用阳极氧化法制备的TiO₂-NTs（TiO₂纳米管）光电极的光电催化性能,以单因素法考察了φ（H₂O）、w（氟化铵）、氧化温度和氧化时间4个因素对其光电催化性能的影响,并采用Box-Behnken模型的PSM（响应面法）对TiO₂-NTs的制备条件进行优化,进一步通过SEM（扫描电子显微镜）、XRD（X射线衍射）对TiO₂-NTs进行表征,研究了其在紫外光下对亚甲基蓝的光电催化效果.结果表明:①应用Box-Behnken模型可知,TiO₂-NTs最佳制备条件为φ（H₂O）43%、w（氟化铵）0.5%、氧化温度38℃、氧化时间1.72 h.此条件下制备的TiO₂纳米管光电极2 h处理亚甲基蓝的降解效率预测值为73.53%,对其光电催化能力进行验证,实际处理效率为73.2%,误差率仅为0.4%.②φ（H₂O）和w（氟化铵）对TiO₂-NTs光电极催化活性有显著影响.③SEM、XRD分析显示,TiO₂具有管状结构且分布均匀,经测量纳米管管径约为61.30~118.00 nm,平均值为83.99 nm,管壁为19.08 nm,同时部分锐钛矿相转变成金红石相.研究显示,TiO₂-NTs对亚甲基蓝有良好的光电催化效果.      

基于灰水足迹和熵值法的苏锡常地区水敏感性行业识别

水敏感性行业的识别对于行业整治和水环境保护具有重要指导意义.为了识别太湖流域的水敏感性重点行业,为进一步开展行业整治提供参考,基于全国排污许可证管理信息平台提供的企业排污数据,运用灰水足迹及其熵值法改进的核算方法,对太湖流域苏州、无锡、常州（苏锡常）三市主要制造业的污染物排放数据进行分析,结果表明：①在不同方法产生的排序结果中,纺织业的水敏感性始终占据第一位;②除纺织业外,还应重点关注以下几个水敏感性行业：化学原料和化学制品制造业、金属制品业以及造纸和纸制品业;③常州的黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业是其特色行业.对比于其他文献对于太湖流域重点行业的定义,本研究的排序结果比较相近,证明了方法的有效性.     

黄精多糖的抗单纯疱疹病毒作用

体外抗单纯疱疹病毒试验表明：黄精多糖对非洲绿猴肾细胞（Vero cell）的最大4无毒浓度为16mg/mL。在对Vero细胞无毒性的浓度下对单纯疱疹病毒1型（Stoker株）和2型（333株和Sav株）均有显著的抑制作用，对Stoker株的半抑制浓度（IC50）为3.95mg/mL，最小有效浓度（MIC）为1.0mg/mL；对333株的IC50为8.0mg/mL，MIC为8.0mg/mL；对Sav株的IC50为7.72mg/mL，MIC为4mg/mL。MTT染色的结果表明，黄精多糖能显著提高病毒感染的Vero细胞的活力，对细胞有保护作用。图1表4参11。     

基于GIS的中国城市水环境管理研究现状与趋势分析

随着中国城市规模迅速扩大、人口急剧增加,给城市水环境造成了巨大压力.由于绝大多数水环境信息是与空间位置关系密不可分的,在使用传统管理信息系统以及数据统计方式处理大量的水环境数据时,并不能很好地利用与呈现空间特征,因此,具有地理空间分析功能的地理信息系统（GIS）逐渐受到重视.然而,目前GIS在城市水环境管理中仍存在需要思考和改善的地方,以形成完整的城市水环境决策系统,提出可用的环境改善建议.     

关于天然草地土壤对CH_4吸收的研究

内蒙古锡盟太仆寺旗天然草地转变为农田后,不同农垦年限下,土壤特性对CH4的吸收有不同的影响。结果表明:天然草地转变为农田后,降低了土壤吸收CH4的能力,CH4的吸收量随开垦年限的增加而逐渐降低,但垦殖20年以上的农田土壤对CH4累积吸收量差异不明显。相关分析表明:土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量是影响土壤CH4吸收的主要因子。     

Impacts of regional development on emissions in China’s transport sector

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The CO2 emissions in China’s transport sector increased from 349.00 Mt in 2005 to 723.87 Mt in 2017. Thus, a number of climate change policies...     

黄精多糖对老龄大鼠记忆获得和记忆再现的影响

用中药黄精（Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎａｔｕｍｓｐ．）中提取的多糖ＰＰ三种剂量连续灌胃老龄大鼠,于ｄ１５和ｄ３０进行迷宫测定,以检测黄精多糖对大鼠记忆获得和记忆再现的影响．结果显示：连续灌胃１５ｄ,黄精多糖能明显降低大鼠迷宫测试中的错误次数,显著提高大鼠学习和记忆能力;ｄ３０测试获同样结果,潜伏期测试表明能明显缩短潜伏期．另外ＰＰ对大鼠的体重变化无影响,也无副作用