日本企业的环境责任

上世纪90年代初期，日本的许多企业都未将环境管理、指标、社会责任等纳入企业成本、运营和规划中，他们认为这会给企业带来负担。也无必要，这种情形与现阶段的中国企业有着非常类似的“价值取向”，我们希望这篇文章能给中国的同行们带来一些思考和借鉴，从而使得我们的企业更绿，环境更清洁，社会更可持续。[编者按]     

葫芦岛市生态环境现状及保护对策

介绍了葫芦岛市生态环境现状及主要问题,分析了各种生态问题产生的原因,阐述了保护和建设生态环境的主要对策。     

武汉市城市生活垃圾资源化处理的经济对策分析

对城市生活垃圾进行资源化处理,不仅有利于解决城市生活垃圾所带来的城市生态环境问题,而且能够获取部分城市发展所需的资源,是发展循环经济的重要环节之一。从武汉市城市生活垃圾资源化处理的现状入手,对武汉市城市生活垃圾在回收再利用、焚烧发电、堆肥等方面的资源化处理措施予以分析,指出武汉市应优先开展回收再利用,适度发展焚烧发电和堆肥的规模,并在此基础上借鉴日本、美国和德国等国城市生活垃圾资源化处理的先进经验,提出要提高城市生活垃圾回收的比率和效率,推进城市生活垃圾资源化处理的产业化发展,以促进武汉市城市生活垃圾的资源化处理进程。     

基于资源最优化回收的再制造工程

从对寿命末端产品的处理选择分析出发，建立了末端产品回收梯级模型，提出基于最优化产品末端回收选择的再制造工程回收的附加值最大，环境污染最小，综合效益最高，并分析了再制造在产品全寿命周期各阶段所发挥的重要作用。     

新疆开都—孔雀河流域天然植被生态需水量研究

本研究以新疆开都—孔雀河流域为研究区,针对流域不同保护目标,采用定额法、阿克苏水平衡站公式和阿维里扬诺夫公式三种方法,分别估算了生态红线区和生态敏感区的生态需水量。研究结果表明开都—孔雀河流域生态红线区平均需水量为13.82×10~8m~3,生态敏感区平均生态需水量为2.06×10~8m~3,且潜水蒸发法中的阿克苏水平衡站公式的计算值与平均值最为接近。由于干旱区降水量稀少,天然植被生长完全依赖地下水,一般采用潜水蒸发法间接计算植被的生态需水量,在植被需水定额不好确定的情况下,更是首选潜水蒸发法进行生态需水量的估算。研究成果可以为孔雀河生态输水工程和塔里木河下游生态输水工程的实施提供科学依据。     

城市固体废物生物处理方法及其可行性

生物反应堆是通过强化微生物转化和降解有机废物的能力进行处理固体废物的一种方法。本文分别对好氧生物处理、厌氧生物处理和兼性生物处理的机理、影响因素以及各污染物质的迁移转化规律进行综合分析。研究表明生物反应堆具有明显的社会、环境、经济效益，是实现可持续发展的一条重要途径，为以后的研究和应用提供可靠的理论依据。     

化学混凝-SBR法处理肉禽屠宰废水的研究

针对肉禽屠宰废水的特点，采取了先混凝后生化的处理方法。在实验中确定了最佳混凝剂和最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明，采取此方法处理肉禽屠宰废水，其各项指标可达国家规定的排放标准。     

Effect of soil solids concentration in batch tests on the partition coefficients of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil materials

 The effect of the soil solids concentration in batch tests on the measured values of the partition coefficient (K _p) of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil material was investigated. Since this study was based on the results of batch and column tests conducted independently, there were limitations to the conclusions derived. The organic compounds tested were benzene, methylene chloride, toluene, trichloroethylene, and p-xylene. The results of this study showed that as soil solids concentrations increased, the measured K _p values of these organic compounds strongly decreased. The observed values of K _p stabilized when the soil solids concentration was above a certain value. Typical K _p values obtained from batch tests conducted under high soil solids concentrations were close to those obtained from column tests. It was concluded that the K _p values of organic compounds measured under low soil solids concentrations, i.e., less than 100 g/l, may not correctly simulate the field situation. Consequently, the values of K _p obtained with low soil solids concentrations can result in an overestimation of the retardation factor of the landfill liner material. Received: March 14, 2002 / Accepted: August 25, 2002     

STREAM DISCHARGE PREDICTION VIA A GRID BASED SOIL WATER ROUTING WITH PADDY FIELDS1

ABSTRACT: A grid based daily hydrologic model for a watershed with paddy fields was developed to predict the stream discharge. ASCII formatted elevation, soil, and land use data supported by the GRASS Geographic Information System are used to generate distributed results such as surface runoff and subsurface flow, soil water content, and evapotranspiration. The model uses a single flow path algorithm and simulates a water balance at each grid element. A linear reservoir assumption was used to predict subsurface runoff components. The model was applied to a 75.6 km² watershed located in the middle of South Korea, and observed stream flow hydrographs from 1995 and 1996 were compared to model predictions. The stream flow predictions of 1995 and 1996 generally agreed with the observed flow, resulting in a Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency R² of 0.60 and 0.62, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity for percolating water through the saturated layer affected baseflow generation. The levee height of the paddy influenced the time and magnitude of the surface runoff, depending on irrigation management. The model will be used for making low flow management decisions by evaluating the role of each land use to stream flow, especially in case of paddy decrease by gradual urbanization of a watershed.     

填料式浮选柱操作参数的研究

在实验室装置上研究了不锈钢波纹板填料柱的主要操作参数对除油率的影响。研究结果表明：填料可以明显改善气体在柱内的径向分布，可以明显提高浮选柱的操作稳定性。实验确定了波纹板填料式浮选柱的主要操作参数是：最低气体表现线速度3．8cm／s，污水停留时间为5min，浮选剂投加量为5～10mg／L。