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61.
Takaoka M Takeda N Fujiwara T Kurata M Kimura T 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2002,52(8):931-940
The control of Hg emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) is very important, because more than 78% of municipal solid waste (MSW) is incinerated. The Hg content of coal used in utility boilers is relatively low in Japan. In this study, recent trends in the Hg content of MSW in Japan and activated carbon (AC) injection as a control technology of Hg emission from an MSWI are discussed. The effect of AC injection on Hg removal from flue gas in an MSWI was investigated by pilot-scale experiments using a bag filter (BF). The injection of AC increases the Hg reduction ratio by 20-30% compared with cases without AC injection. The Hg reduction ratio increases as the flue gas temperature decreases. The Hg reduction ratio is closely related to the inlet Hg concentration and was expressed with a Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm. 相似文献
62.
Educational initiative of Osaka University in sustainability science: mobilizing science and technology towards sustainability 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Michinori Uwasu Helmut Yabar Keishiro Hara Yoshiyuki Shimoda Tatsuyoshi Saijo 《Sustainability Science》2009,4(1):45-53
One of the most important and yet difficult challenges that modern societies face is how to mobilize science and technology
(S&T) to minimize the impact of human activities on the Earth’s life support systems. As the establishment of inter-disciplinary
education programs is necessary to design a unified vision towards understanding the complexity of human nature, the Research
Institute for Sustainability Science (RISS) launched a new program on sustainability science in April 2008. The program expects
to address the issue of how to use knowledge more effectively to understand the dynamic interactions between nature and human
society. This paper first offers an overview of international and Japanese initiatives on sustainability education in which
we highlight the uniqueness of the attempt by the Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S). The paper
then introduces the RISS program for sustainability science, addressing the principles and curriculum design of the program.
The paper discusses the main problems and constraints faced when developing the program, such as institutional barriers in
building a curriculum and obtaining cooperation from faculty. To challenge these barriers and limitations, the RISS uses the
program as a platform to disseminate the idea of sustainability science across the university. This attempt helps us to obtain
the continuing cooperation necessary to improve and maintain the program.
相似文献
Michinori UwasuEmail: |
63.
Shinichi Ogiyama Hiroshi Takeda Nobuyoshi Ishii Shigeo Uchida 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(2):177-184
Migration of 14C derived from 14C-acetic acid was examined by using soils sampled from paddies in four administrative areas in Japan (Aomori, Yamanashi, Ehime and Okinawa) and rice plant in a tracer experiment to understand the fate of 14C in the paddy soil-to-rice plant system. The loss of 14C radioactivity levels derived from 14C-acetic acid was caused by soil microorganism breakdown. A part of the 14C fixation to soil was caused by microbial assimilation into the fatty acid fraction. 14C moved upward via two different types of 14C dynamics in soil: quick movement upward; and constant but slow movement upward. 14C was highly assimilated into the plant panicle and that was caused by the root-uptake and the transfer of 14C. Migration of 14C derived from 14C-acetic acid relied heavily upon changes of chemical forms and characteristics of 14C-compound as caused by microorganisms in soil. 相似文献
64.
In this study, rice husks considered to be agricultural waste are converted into an adsorbent intended for use in the disposal of oil spills. The raw and refined (defiberized) husks of Japanese Akita Komachi rice were pyrolyzed in a vacuum (500 Pa) at 300-800 degrees C. The amount of A-heavy and B-heavy oils adsorbed on the carbonized rice husk were then evaluated. Oil adsorption is dependent on the type of oil. Rice husks refined and then pyrolyzed at 600-700 degrees C (1.0 g) adsorbed >6.0 g of B-heavy oil and <1.5 g of water, which indicates their usefulness as an adsorbent for oil spill cleanup in Japan. The refining process contributes to an improvement in the oil adsorption capacity, while the carbonization time (at 600 degrees C) has only a minor influence. The residual fluid components in the carbonized rice husks, rather than their porosity, are closely related to oil adsorption capacity. 相似文献
65.
Nobuo Takeda Masaki Takaoka 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2070-2080
Significant dioxin (polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs)/polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs)) pollution from a municipal solid waste incinerator was discovered in 1997 in Osaka prefecture/Japan. The cause and mechanism of pollution was identified by a detailed assessment of the environment and incinerator plant. The primary sources of PCDD/PCDF pollution were high dioxin releases from an intermittently operated waste incinerator with PCDD/PCDF emissions of 150 ng-TEQ/Nm3. PCDD/PCDF also accumulated in the wet scrubber system (3,000 μg TEQ/L) by adsorption and water recirculation in the incinerator. Scrubber water was air-cooled with a cooling tower located on the roof of the incinerator. High concentrations of dioxins in the cooling water were released as aerosols into the surrounding and caused heavy soil pollution in the area near the plant. These emissions were considered as the major contamination pathway from the plant. Decontamination and soil remediation in and around the incinerator plant were conducted using a variety of destruction technologies (including incineration, photochemical degradation and GeoMelt technology). Although the soil remediation process was successfully finished in December 2006 about 3 % of the waste still remains. The case demonstrates that releases from incinerators which do not use best available technology or which are not operated according to best environmental practices can contaminate their operators and surrounding land. This significant pollution had a large impact on the Japanese government’s approach toward controlling dioxin pollution. Since this incident, a ministerial conference on dioxins has successfully strengthened control measures. 相似文献
66.
Heather M. Lamson Jen-Chieh Shiao Yoshiyuki Iizuka Wann-Nian Tzeng David K. Cairns 《Marine Biology》2006,149(6):1567-1576
Otolith strontium:calcium ratios were used to trace lifetime movements of American eels (Anguilla rostrata) captured in salt-water bays and adjoining freshwater ponds in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Eels were classified into migratory contingents based on their movement patterns. A pond with a pool-and-weir salmonid fishway and a pond drained by a low-gradient channel contained eels that had entered freshwater at all ages, but a pond with a 2.2 m vertical spillway contained only eels that had entered freshwater in the elver year. Salt-water residents were the dominant migratory contingent in salt-water bays (85% of 39), which overturns the paradigm of obligate catadromy for this species. Freshwater residency was the sole pattern found in the pond with the vertical spillway (100% of 12) and the majority contingent in the pond with the low-gradient channel (54% of 24). Inter-habitat shifting was the dominant migratory contingent in eels sampled from the pond with the pool-and-weir fishway (85% of 20). Resident eels were established in salt- and freshwater habitats by the year after their arrival in continental waters. Eels that shifted between habitats increased their rate of inter-habitat shifting with age. The high degree of plasticity in habitat use found in this study is consistent with worldwide Anguillid patterns as revealed by Sr:Ca.An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
67.
68.
In this study, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were decomposed by low‐temperature heat treatment with metallic catalyst, and with metallic catalyst and a hydrogen source. Of the catalysts used, iron (Fe) was the most active catalyst for the decomposition of PCBs, and the decomposition was due to dechlorination. The addition of hydrogen sources accelerated the decomposition of PCBs in the presence of catalyst. Surface analysis of the catalyst using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested that the emitted chlorine was presumed to form metal chloride. The reactions of each homolog can be expressed by a successive first‐order reaction model. This means that a substituted chlorine is successively detached during this reaction. The overall decomposition rate in this reaction system was controlled by that of the lower chlorinated homologs. The decomposition rates with Fe and NaBH4 for the lower chlorinated homologs were about 10 times as fast as the rates with only Fe. 相似文献
69.
Masakazu Hori Takao Suzuki Yaowaluk Monthum Tippamas Srisombat Yoshiyuki Tanaka Masahiro Nakaoka Hiroshi Mukai 《Marine Biology》2009,156(7):1447-1458
Seagrass species function as typical foundation species that unifies most ecosystem processes. This ecosystem role depends
largely on the morphological characteristics and structural complexity of seagrass beds, including their ecological importance
for fish species. This study examined relationships between seagrass bed characteristics and associated fish communities in
mixed seagrass beds. Correspondence analysis (CA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCoA) were performed to estimate relationships
for individual seagrass bed characteristics. The CCoA results revealed that species richness and three-dimensional structure
of seagrass had great effect on the biomass and richness of the associated fish community. The CA results revealed that the
relative importance of seagrass bed characteristics differed among fish functional groups including fishes appearing on the
surface of, inside, and on the bottom of seagrass beds. The fishes found on the surface of the beds preferred beds with low
seagrass biomass and high three-dimensional structure, those inside the beds preferred beds with high seagrass biomass and
high three-dimensional structure, and those on the bottom of the beds preferred locations with low seagrass biomass and low
three-dimensional structure. The results of this study provide compelling evidence that seagrass beds with high species diversity
and high three-dimensional structure, but intermediate biomass, may provide the great benefit to the associated fish community.
Such niche complementarity among fishes may be a process facilitated by seagrass diversity for secondary production as an
ecosystem functioning. 相似文献
70.
Chidya Russel Derbalah Aly Abdel-Dayem Sherif Kaonga Chikumbusko Tsuji Hiroaki Takeda Kazuhiko Sakugawa Hiroshi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(45):67894-67907
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We assessed the contamination, dynamics, and health risks of the pesticides cyanazine, simetryn, fenarimol, isoprothiolane, diazinon, irgarol,... 相似文献