Preparation of GO/MIL-101(Fe,Cu) composite and its adsorption mechanisms for phosphate in aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, MIL-101(Fe), MIL-101(Fe,Cu), and graphene oxide (GO)/MIL-101(Fe,Cu) were synthesized to compose a novel sorbent. The adsorption...     

Urinary analysis reveals high Alternaria mycotoxins exposure in the general population from Beijing, China

Alternaria mycotoxins are of concern due to its adverse health effect, they affect various cereal crops and grain-based food along with modified forms that contribute to overall exposure. This study aimed to determine the frequency and level of exposure to Alternaria mycotoxins (tenuazonic acid, TeA; alternariol, AOH; alternariol monomethyl ether, AME; tentoxin, TEN; and altenuene, ALT) in human urine from Beijing adults. A total of 2212 urine samples were collected and analyzed for five mycotoxins using LC–ESI–MS/MS. More than 98% of the samples had at least one Alternaria mycotoxin detected. Among the mycotoxins, AME had the highest detection rate (96.0%), followed by TeA (70.5%). The calculated average daily intake values of AME (12.5 ng/kg b.w.) was 5 times the TTC value (2.5 ng/kg b.w.) set by the EFSA, indicating the potential health risks associated with mycotoxins. Immediate attention and subsequent actions should be taken to identify the sources of mycotoxins and the corresponding exposure pathways to humans in the investigated regions.     

污染场地调查动态追补钻井点位的方法研究

污染场地中的污染区域较小,但污染物的空间变异性大,污染土体较深,因而在场地调查中通常需采集场地钻井数据进行三维模拟.为了准确估计场地土壤污染物的空间分布和需修复的污染土方量,提出了场地污染调查补充采样钻井点位布设的优化方法.在初始采样的基础上,首先利用克里格方法预测场地中土壤污染物的克里格方差,基于克里格方差估算置信度,再结合场地置信度和场地污染物含量的空间分布确定场地的最大不确定性点,并将该点作为下一阶段补充采样点,以实现逼近式动态追补钻井点位的布设.最后,以某硝基苯污染的工业场地为例对该方法进行验证.结果表明:场地中硝基苯的空间变异性大,增加采样点会显著减少基台值,提高研究区总体的置信度,同时减少总体的不确定性.在项目经费约束条件下,不确定性减少65%时,需要至少增加采样点10个.10个样点的增加使得总体估值方差降低了40%,同时总体的估计精度提高了22.4%.案例结果验证了该方法在单一类有机污染场地中的可行性和适用性,能够在保证场地污染调查精度的同时,显著降低样本量,实现场地调查的成本-效益最大化.     

荣成天鹅湖沉积物有机磷的生物有效性及其时空动态

有机磷是沉积物磷的重要组成部分,有机磷经酶水解后可以提供活性磷.研究沉积物有机磷的生物有效性及其变化规律对于深入了解湖泊富营养化形成机制具有重要意义.本研究选取富营养化的海岸泻湖—荣成天鹅湖湿地为研究对象,通过采集表层沉积物,结合酶水解技术分析了有机磷的生物有效性及其时空变化规律.结果表明,天鹅湖沉积物有机磷含量为107.9~161.9 mg·kg~(-1),平均含量为125.3 mg·kg~(-1).其中潜在生物有效性磷即酶水解有机磷含量为21.8~100.3 mg·kg~(-1),平均含量为53.2 mg·kg~(-1),占有机磷含量的26%~56%.有机磷的潜在的生物有效性大小遵循:植酸磷(21.5 mg·kg~(-1))≈二酯磷(20.7 mg·kg~(-1))磷酸单酯磷(14.1 mg·kg~(-1)).酶水解有机磷(包括Monoester-P、Phytic-P)的含量呈夏秋低,冬春高的特点.有机磷空间分布不均衡,有机磷主要分布集北部入河口和南部藻类区域,这和不同方位污染物质的来源、水生动植物的分布和沉积物粒度等差异有关.相关性分析表明,金属氧化物(Al、Fe、Mg、Ca)是有机磷的主要结合介质,金属氧化物含量和形态变化将决定有机磷分解矿化和生物有效性.总之,有机磷的水解是水体活性磷的重要补偿途径,也是维持天鹅湖富营养化的重要机制.在水体磷污染治理过程中应把有机磷纳入评价范畴,应该防止沉积物有机磷的矿化分解.     

Experimental study on gas explosion and venting process in interconnected vessels

A pilot scale interconnected vessels experiment system was established, and the closed and vented gas explosion characteristics in the system were studied, using 10% methane–air mixture. Regularity of pressure variation in vessels and flame propagation in linked pipes was analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of transmission style, ignition position, pipe length, and initial pressure on explosion severity were discussed. For the closed explosion: explosion in interconnected vessels presents strongly destructive power to secondary vessel, especially transmission from the big vessel to the small one; the worst ignition position is shifting from ignition in the interconnected pipe to the walls of the two vessels; as far as ignition in big vessel is concerned, the peak pressure in secondary vessel increases with the pipe length much faster than that for ignition in small vessel; the peak pressures in two vessels are approximate linear functions of initial pressure. For the vented explosion: the transmission style and interconnected pipe length have significant impacts on the effect of venting on the protection; in order to obtain the better venting effect, the use of a divergent interconnected pipe from the big vessel to the small one in industry is advised and it is necessary to reduce the interconnected pipe length as far as possible or install flame arrester in the interconnected pipe.     

浅谈安全工程专业学历教育

从安全工程师应具备的知识结构出发，主要讨论了安全工程专业学历教育中的课程设置及办学过程中存在的一些的问题。     

城市污泥的特性及管道输送技术研究

城市脱水污泥常见的处置方式是焚烧、燃烧发电、堆肥后土地化利用和填埋等。无论采用哪种无害化、资源化处置方法,输送环节都是必不可少的。城市污泥管道输送技术是以管道输送设备为核心,融合城市污泥的预处理和处置工艺的集成化系统。通过对城市污泥的流变特性和输送特性实验测试,其流变方程符合幂定律关系式;通过环管实验拟合出了污泥在管道中的阻力损失与输送距离和输送流量之间的关系,经验证,其理论计算和实际测定基本相符,证明管道输送方式能够成功地应用于城市污泥的远距离输送,为城市污泥管道输送系统的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

贵州响水矿水资源优化配置模型研究

响水矿投产以来,由于缺乏系统规划和科学管理,出现了矿区生活用水紧缺而矿井水大量浪费的矛盾状况。在对响水矿区内水文地质、水资源情况及矿井涌水量进行详细分析的基础上,以响水矿区社会效益、经济效益和环境效益可持续发展为目标,利用系统分析原理,建立响水矿区水资源优化配置模型。该模型考虑了矿区复杂水循环机理、水资源供需关系、水资源的水质等各方面限制因素,可为响水矿矿区实现水资源的可持续利用与社会、经济和环境的协调发展提供技术支撑。     

“十五”期间苏北大运河水环境质量及趋势分析

南水北调东线的关键是输水沿线水环境质量。京杭大运河江苏苏北段作为南水北调东线重要榆水干线,其水环境质量直接影响东线北调输水水质与工程效益。根据京杭大运河江苏苏北段“十五”期间历年水环境监测资料,将苏北段大运河分为不牢河、中运河、里运河三个河段,综合分析评价了苏北大运河水环境质量,大运河徐州段及淮安市区段污染严重。在水质分析评价的基础上,采用Spearman秩相关系数法及二元多项式回归趋势线等方法相结合的方法,进一步分析了苏北大运河“十五”期间水环境质量变化趋势。     

漕桥河区域水环境质量现状分析

介绍了漕桥河区域水系概况、武宜运河、太涡运河与漕桥河的水流关系;对漕桥河全线6个例行监测断面、武宜运河钟溪大桥断面、太涡运河分水新桥断面及漕桥河沿线37个支浜的水环境质量现状进行了详细介绍,得出漕桥河及周围河网以氮磷污染为主、两岸河浜的汇水使漕桥河水质下降、武宜运河来水影响漕桥河上游水质、太涡运河来水影响漕桥河下游水质的主要结论,为漕桥河的水环境综合整治奠定了基础,也为其它入湖河流水环境综合整治规划的章节编制提供一定参考。