Assessing the inhalation cancer risk of particulate matter bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the elderly in a retirement community of a mega city in North China

Assessment of the health risks resulting from exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is limited by the lack of environmental exposure data among different subpopulations. To assess the exposure cancer risk of particulate carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution for the elderly, this study conducted a personal exposure measurement campaign for particulate PAHs in a community of Tianjin, a city in northern China. Personal exposure samples were collected from the elderly in non-heating (August–September, 2009) and heating periods (November–December, 2009), and 12 PAHs individuals were analyzed for risk estimation. Questionnaire and time-activity log were also recorded for each person. The probabilistic risk assessment model was integrated with Toxic Equivalent Factors (TEFs). Considering that the estimation of the applied dose for a given air pollutant is dependent on the inhalation rate, the inhalation rate from both EPA exposure factor book was applied to calculate the carcinogenic risk in this study. Monte Carlo simulation was used as a probabilistic risk assessment model, and risk simulation results indicated that the inhalation-ILCR values for both male and female subjects followed a lognormal distribution with a mean of 4.81?×?10^?6 and 4.57?×?10^?6, respectively. Furthermore, the 95 % probability lung cancer risks were greater than the USEPA acceptable level of 10^?6 for both men and women through the inhalation route, revealing that exposure to PAHs posed an unacceptable potential cancer risk for the elderly in this study. As a result, some measures should be taken to reduce PAHs pollution and the exposure level to decrease the cancer risk for the general population, especially for the elderly.     

前混合式磨料射流及其切割特性

本文讨论了前混合式磨料射流发生装置的工作特性，给出了一种新型供料系统，能实现磨料可靠均匀地供给，并可以方便、准确地调节磨料浓度。在此基础上研究了压力，喷嘴直径、靶距等多种参数对前混合式磨料射流切割特性的影响，给出了这些参数的选取范围及评价方法。试验中使用的切割材料有石灰岩、钢材、铝材以及五种强度的混凝土试块。     

Photocatalytic decolorization of dispersol dyes

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臭氧处理对海带膜脂过氧化和脱酯化伤害研究

采用生态毒理学和生物化学的方法，选用海带的2个品系——海带901和荣城1号为实验材料，研究了不同剂量的臭氧处理对海带膜脂过氧化和脱酯化伤害作用结果表明，随着臭氧处理强度的增加，海带的2个品系的光合速率均下降同时。膜相对透性增大，细胞内H2O2含量上升，微粒体膜中磷脂减少，游离脂肪酸增加海带901中无论是细胞匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量，还是微粒体膜的MDA含量在臭氧处理下均无显著变化，而荣城1号微粒体膜的MDA含量在臭氧处理下显著提高，说明海带901在臭氧氧化胁迫下膜的损伤是由膜脂脱酯化单独造成的，与膜脂过氧化无关，而荣城1号膜的损伤是由膜脂过氧化和脱酯化共同引起的。     

上海地区的湿地资源及其保护

介绍了海地区的湿地类型、分布、湿地资源及其利用与保护，提出了加强湿地研究的重点领域。上海地区自然湿地面积为４３００９ｈｍ＾２，以海滨沼泽为主；人工湿地以稻田为主，约为２５００００ｈｍ＾２，湿地中的动，植物资源，土地资源相当丰富，是上海地区最重要的自然资源，目前，上海的湿地利用以发展农、林、渔业为主，工程利用率则呈逐年增加的势头。加强对湿地资源的动态研究，对湿地的环境功能，合理利用与保护模式及人类活     

环境经济问题的哲学思考—生态经济系统的基本矛盾及其解决途径

本文从阐述生态经济系统、生态经济平衡和生态经济效益等生态经济学的基本范畴入手，揭示生态经济问题产生和演变的内在机理－生态经济系统的基本矛盾；从经济发展、人口增长、生产力进步而与资源缺口、环境容量、生态平衡等的相互关系，分析生态经济基本矛盾的种种表现；从原始社会、农业社会和工业社会等几个主要阶段，阐明生态经济基本矛盾产生和发展的一般过程，并从自然生态系统与社会经济系统在运动周期性、有序性、运行路线与运行机制等方面异同，着重论述产生生态经济基本矛盾的原因，进一步阐明生态问题演变的规律性。探讨解决生态经济基本矛盾的途径，即通过控制人口，转变经济增长方式，实施资源替代战略和地域优势互补，建立生态化的产业和区域发展模式，进行环境与资源市场化的制度创新，实现人口、资源、环境与经济的协调发展。     

县域生态功能区划研究——以桐柏县为例

结合桐柏县的实例，对县域生态功能区划分的原则和方法进行初步探讨。综合利用3S技术对县域生态敏感性和生态服务功能重要性的分析和评价，提出桐柏县生态服务功能区划的初步方案。将桐柏县划分为生态支持区，产品供给区，生态调节区。简要分析了各功能区在桐柏县经济可持续发展中的地位和作用，指出各区协调发展的方向和途征。     

重金属镉污染土壤的微生物影响研究进展

镉污染严重影响了土壤微生物生物量碳氮、土壤基础呼吸、土壤酶活性以及种群结构,破坏了土壤微生物的正常组成区系,抑制了土壤微生物代谢功能,降低了土壤微生物活性,造成土壤重金属污染,威胁到人类生活健康。近二十年来,研究土壤微生物与土壤重金属污染之间的关系已成为国内外环境科学领域的一个热点,而镉污染对土壤微生物生物量、微生物活性、群落结构影响研究也已取得一定进展,可为镉污染土壤微生物修复技术提供理论依据。     

羧基甲壳素对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能及机理研究

为了提高甲壳素对Pb²⁺吸附性能,采用2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基（TEMPO）/次氯酸钠（NaClO）/溴化钠（NaBr）氧化体系对甲壳素羧基化改性.采用FTIR、Solid ¹³C-NMR、XRD和SEM-EDX等对羧基甲壳素结构和形貌进行表征,考察了不同NaClO用量制备的羧基甲壳素、溶液pH值、Pb（Ⅱ）初始浓度、吸附时间和离子强度对吸附量的影响,利用XPS探究其吸附机理.结果表明,氧化改性不改变甲壳素的晶型,羧基出现在甲壳素晶体表面;NaClO用量和溶液pH值对吸附量影响显著,pH值为4.0~6.0,NaClO用量为30mL制备的羧基甲壳素吸附效果好,60min达到平衡,室温下饱和吸附量达233.64mg/g;吸附动力学符合准二阶动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,吸附机理包括静电作用、络合配位和离子交换.     

Effective adsorption of sulfamethoxazole, bisphenol A and methyl orange on nanoporous carbon derived from metal-organic frameworks

Nanoporous carbons(NPCs) derived from metal–organic frameworks(MOFs) are attracting increasing attention in many areas by virtue of their high specific surface area, large pore volume and unique porosity. The present work reports the preparation of an NPC with high surface area(1731 m~2/g) and pore volume(1.68 cm~3/g) by direct carbonization of MOF-5. We examined the adsorption of three typical contaminants from aqueous solutions, i.e., sulfamethoxazole(SMX),bisphenol A(BPA) and methyl orange(MO), by using the as-prepared NPC. The results demonstrated that NPC could adsorb the contaminants effectively, with adsorption capacity(qm) of 625 mg/g(SMX), 757 mg/g(BPA) and 872 mg/g(MO), respectively. These values were approximately 1.0-3.2 times higher than those obtained for single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) and commercial powder active carbon(PAC) under the same conditions. With its high surface area and unique meso/macropore structure, the enhanced adsorption of NPC most likely originates from the cooperative interaction of a pore-filling mechanism, electrostatic interaction,and hydrogen bonding. In particular, the p H value has a crucial impact on adsorption, suggesting the significant contribution of electrostatic interaction between NPC and the contaminants. This study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of MOF-derived nanoporous carbons as effective adsorbents of contaminants for water treatment.