耐砷芽孢杆菌对As3+的吸附性能与机制研究

为了给砷污染水体的微生物修复提供理想材料和必要的理论依据,从湖南某矿区筛选分离得到一株高耐砷菌株,利用16S rDNA基因测序分析对其进行鉴定.同时,采用单因素试验研究了耐性菌吸附As³⁺的影响因素及规律,通过研究等温吸附属性、吸附动力学和热力学属性,分析亚细胞赋存特性,并结合扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）等技术手段,初步探讨了吸附发生的可能机理.结果表明,通过形态学、生理生化及分子鉴定,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus sp.）,命名为Bacillus sp. strain AsT4.该菌株固体平板培养对砷的耐受阈值为40 mmol·L^-1;菌株最适生长条件为温度35℃、pH=7.0、NaCl浓度5 g·L^-1、转速180 r·min^-1;芽孢杆菌湿菌体吸附As³⁺的优化条件为：温度35℃,溶液pH=6.0,培养时间36 h,As³⁺初始浓度10 mg·L^-1,菌量1.5 mL,此条件下的去除率为69.3%.干菌体吸附As³⁺的优化条件为：温度35℃,pH=7.0,吸附时间90 min,As³⁺初始浓度10 mg·L^-1,投加量0.5 g·L^-1,此条件下的吸附率为72.8%.无论是湿菌体还是干菌体,Langmuir等温吸附模型和拟二级动力学方程能更好地描述耐砷芽孢杆菌AsT4对As³⁺的吸附过程,并且是自发、墒增的吸热过程.耐性菌对As³⁺的生物吸附和累积以胞内累积和细胞壁富集为主,菌粉表面的羧基、羟基、胺基等活性基团可能在吸附过程中起主要作用.     

Facile synthesis of graphene-based hyper-cross-linked porous carbon composite with superior adsorption capability for chlorophenols

In this work, we proposed a green and cost-effective method to prepare a graphene-based hyper-cross-linked porous carbon composite (GN/HCPC) by one-pot carbonization of hyper-cross-linked polymer (HCP) and glucose. The composite combined the advantages of graphene (GN) and hyper-cross-linked porous carbon (HCPC), leading to high specific surface area (396.93 m²/g) and large total pore volume (0.413 cm³/g). The resulting GN/HCPC composite was applied as an adsorbent to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from aqueous solutions. The influence of different solution conditions including pH, ionic strength, contact time, system temperature and concentration of humic acid was determined. The maximum adsorption capacity of GN/HCPC composite (calculated by the Langmuir model) could reach 348.43 mg/g, which represented increases of 43.6% and 13.6% over those of the as-prepared pure GN and HCPC, respectively. The Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model were found to fit well with the adsorption process. Thermodynamic experiments suggested that the adsorption proceeded spontaneously and endothermically. In addition, the GN/HCPC composite showed high adsorption performance toward other organic contaminants including tetracycline, bisphenol A and phenol. Measurement of the adsorption capability of GN/HCPC in secondary effluent revealed a slight decrease over that in pure water solution. This study demonstrated that the GN/HCPC composite can be utilized as a practical and efficient adsorbent for the removal of organic contaminants in wastewater.     

Characterization of precipitation in the background of atmospheric pollutants reduction in Guilin: Temporal variation and source apportionment

Rainfall samples were collected from three observation sites in Guilin from 2013 to 2017, and the chemical composition characteristics of precipitation and the contribution made by different ion sources were analyzed when atmospheric pollutants levels were reduced. The results showed that acid gas emissions and atmospheric pollutant concentrations continued to decline during the study period. However, the change in the volume-weighted mean pH at the three sites suggested that acid rain pollution was not alleviated and began to deteriorate after 2015. The continuing downward trend for alkaline neutralizing ions (Ca²⁺, NH₄⁺) in precipitation indicated that the reduction in alkaline neutralizing substances in the atmosphere was an important factor that led to the deterioration in acid rain across Guilin. The principal component analysis and spearman correlation analysis indicated five sources of ions in precipitation. Quantitative assessment of these five sources indicated that fossil fuel combustion contributed the most ions concentration in precipitation at the three sites, followed by agriculture, terrestrial (crustal) sources, marine sources, and biomass burning. Long-distance airflow might affect the acidity, the electrical conductivity (EC), and ion concentrations in precipitation across Guilin. The airflow trajectory from the west and southeast directions corresponded to higher acidity and ion concentrations. According to the current air pollution control strategy planned by Guilin, reducing atmospheric coarse particles and NH₃ at the same time may potentially lead to further deteriorations in acid rain contents. Therefore, Guilin needs to develop more reasonable pollution prevention measures that synergistically control atmospheric pollutants and acid rain pollution.     

纳米银与镉的复合毒性对拟南芥根系形态及叶片生理指标的影响

为研究纳米银（AgNPs）与镉（Cd²⁺）对拟南芥的复合毒性,本文以不同浓度的PVP coated-AgNPs和Cd²⁺处理拟南芥幼苗一周后,测定了拟南芥幼苗主根长度,根毛数量,叶片中光合色素和可溶性蛋白含量及抗氧化系统相关酶活性.结果表明,高浓度（5mg/L） Cd²⁺能显著抑制根长,提高可溶性蛋白含量及SOD（超氧化物歧化酶）和POD（过氧化物酶）的活性.在高浓度Cd²⁺（5mg/L）中加入AgNPs能显著增强Cd²⁺对根长的抑制作用,而高浓度的Cd²⁺能缓解AgNPs对根毛的抑制作用;在低浓度Cd²⁺（0.1mg/L和1mg/L）中加入AgNPs能显著增强Cd²⁺对色素含量抑制作用;在含有Cd²⁺的处理中,SOD和POD在1mg/L AgNPs下活性最高;以上结果说明Cd²⁺和AgNPs对拟南芥幼苗根系形态及叶片生理指标都存在交互影响.     

软弱夹层地基土钉支护的安全设计计算

本文通过对某基坑失稳实例的工程计算分析，探讨在软弱夹层发育地段设计采用土钉支护时，支护体稳定性验算应注意的问题，并提出了相应的处理措施。     

秦皇岛港煤三、四期码头及附近区域大气降尘环境污染分析

论述了煤炭港口大气降尘与煤尘污染的关系。通过对秦皇岛港煤三、四期码头及附近区域大气降尘的长期连续监测以及对资料进行整理，分析了大气降尘的分布特征，从而得到港口投产以来的煤尘污染变化及趋势。     

GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀量估算——以江西省泰和县灌溪乡为例

在地理信息技术（ＧＩＳ）的支持下，应用通用土壤侵蚀方程（ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓａｌＳｏｉｌＬｏｓｓＥｑｕａｔｉｏｎ，简称ＵＳＬＥ）估算了江西省泰和县灌溪乡的土壤侵蚀量。研究结果表明，当地表覆盖率大于１５％时，计算的结果与实测的数据有良好的相关性（０８７）。     

GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀量估算——以江西省泰和县灌溪乡为例

在地理信息技术（ＧＩＳ）的支持下,应用通用土壤侵蚀方程（ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓａｌＳｏｉｌＬｏｓｓＥｑｕａｔｉｏｎ,简称ＵＳＬＥ）估算了江西省泰和县灌溪乡的土壤侵蚀量。研究结果表明,当地表覆盖率大于１５％时,计算的结果与实测的数据有良好的相关性（０８７）。     

A walking-based measurement for understanding the relationship between dense urban form and community facility distribution: a case study in the old town of Fuzhou,China

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Improving the livability and sustainability of the dense urban environments in the old town of cities has been a focus of attention in urban planning,...     

冼夫人文化在地方高校传承和发展状况研究

以"好心精神"为核心的冼夫人文化作为粤西地区的特色文化,与当代社会主义核心价值观相契合。它对大学生进行爱国主义教育、提高人文素质、树立正确的价值观方面有重要的引导作用。以粤西4所高校为例,通过发放问卷的形式对冼夫人文化在高校大学生中的影响进行调查,指出了冼夫人文化在高校传承中存在的问题,并深入了分析在高校思想政治教育工作中如何融入冼夫人文化。