“十一五”期间甘南县环境污染状况及防治对策

本文筒述了甘南县环境污染并对防治提出了对策     

Application of Dijkstra Algorithm in Determining the Maxtmum Resistance Route of Mine Ventilation

矿井通风最大阻力路线的确定,是矿井通风系统设计及改造的主要任务之一.对Dijkstra算法进行研究、改造,使其适用于求解矿井通风最大阻力路线,并根据该算法编写了计算机程序,将其应用于典型风网,获得了正确的结果.Dijkstra算法的引入为确定最大阻力路线提出了一种新的方法,同时计算机的应用也提高了计算的效率及准确性.     

Polychlorinated biphenyls contamination in urban soil of Shanghai: level, compositional profiles and source identification

Surface soil samples taken from 55 sampling sites at the urban areas of Shanghai were collected and analyzed for the occurrence of 144 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC-μECD. The results showed that totally 74 PCB congeners were identified and the mean concentration of total PCBs was 3057 ng kg⁻¹ with a range of 232 to 11325 ng kg⁻¹. Compared with the related reports, the level of PCBs contamination in this study was approximately equal to the global background value in soils, but higher than Chinese background for rural and urban soils. According to the compositional profiles of PCBs homologues, a higher proportion of low chlorinated (from tri-CBs to hexa-CBs) was observed. The results indicated that PCB15 + 13, PCB18, PCB28, PCB104 + 47 and PCB153 were the most dominant congeners among the identified PCBs. Through homologues analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), it was found that PCBs were stretched from mixed local sources, and appeared to be mostly originated by Aroclor 1260- and 1254-like mixtures as well as some samples influenced by Aroclor 1232 and 1242. The correlation analysis showed the relatively good correlation among the PCB homologues and soil total organic carbon (TOC), suggesting important influence of soil TOC on PCBs contamination in soil matrix in Shanghai region. The toxic equivalency (TEQ) concentrations of these six dioxin-like PCBs detected in urban soil samples range from 2.71 to 24.9 pg kg⁻¹-PCDDeq with a mean 8.18 pg kg⁻¹-PCDDeq.     

废弃印刷线路板最佳分离参数的实验研究

为研究废弃印刷线路板的热解特性,确定金属和非金属分离的热解最佳参数,用差热-热重联用分析仪对FR-4型印刷线路板进行了热失重分析,并对影响废弃印刷线路板中金属和非金属分离效果的升温速率、颗粒尺寸、热解终温和保温时间等主要因素进行了实验研究。结果表明,FR-4型线路板在320~360℃区间热失重速率达到最大值;升温速率越高,热解起始温度、终止温度和失重峰温也越高,显著失重过程持续的时间越长;当热解终温相同时,升温速率对FR-4型线路板的热失重率影响很小。综合考虑FR-4型废弃印刷线路板中金属和非金属的分离效果、热解装置的设计、热解过程的能耗以及运行过程的控制等因素,最佳热解参数建议设定为升温速率为10℃/min,热解终温为500℃,保温时间取30 min为宜。     

Estimation of optimum supply of shared cars based on personal travel behaviors in condition of minimum energy consumption

Environment, Development and Sustainability - This study developed a method to determine the optimum supply of shared cars according to personal travel behaviors in the condition of minimum energy...     

用于风力发电的测风系统对比研究

介绍了机械式测风传感器与超声波测风传感器的工作原理,比较了它们的特点,及对风力发电的影响。分别对装有2类测风传感器的风力发电机组进行了运行分析,得出2类测风传感器对应的机组功率曲线增长率。试验结果表明:超声波测风传感器进行风速、风向测量更有利于提高风力发电机组的利用率与稳定性。     

利用废旧线路板回收金属富集体再造超细铜粉

实验以氨性溶液溶浸废线路板中回收的金属富集体产出高浓度含铜浸出液作为电解原液,采用电沉积法循环再造超细铜粉。主要考察了电沉积过程中硫酸浓度、电流密度、电沉积时间和电沉积温度等条件对超细铜粉回收率的影响。实验结果表明,在硫酸浓度为12 g/L,电流密度为4 A/dm2,电沉积时间3 h,溶液温度为40℃的条件下,电沉积超细铜粉的回收率超过97%,所得铜粉的树枝状形貌完整,纯度高,粒径小,约为3～6μm。     

鞍山市大气中挥发性有机物的污染特征研究

对鞍山市不同功能区(工业区、工业区附近、居住区和对照区)的大气进行分季节(夏、冬季)采样,分析该市大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染水平和季节变化特征.结果表明,夏、冬季的大气中的VOCs浓度变化差异显著,总体来说夏季大气中的VOCs浓度高于冬季;夏季大气中苯系物、挥发性卤代烃浓度分别是冬季的1.1～2.7、1.4～...