六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)异构体和对映体在白洋淀土壤和植物中的选择性富集与传输

利用高效液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱分析了白洋淀土壤和植物中六溴环十二烷（HBCDs）异构体和对映体的选择性富集分布及传输特征.土壤和植物样品中ΣHBCD浓度分别为1.32~8.25 ng·g^-1（干重）和N.d.~2.18 ng·g^-1（干重）;在采蒲台（CPT）、圈头（QT）和范峪淀（FYD）检测到的污染物浓度较高,表明南部土壤污染较北部严重;与国内外其他区域相比,白洋淀地区HBCDs的污染水平相对较低.淀区HBCDs的富集存在显著的异构体和对映体选择性行为,γ-HBCD和α-HBCD分别是土壤和植物中的主要异构体,平均百分比贡献率分别为68.24%和44.10%;在多数土壤和植物样品中均表现出（-）-HBCD比（+）-HBCD更易于被选择性富集.ΣHBCD从土壤到植物根系的传输RCFs（根富集因子）为0.12~0.93,其中泥胡草对HBCDs的富集能力最强,荠菜最弱;植物根部到地上部的传输系数（TFs）为0.09~0.81,植物茎向传输能力为补血草 > 牛筋草 > 荠菜 > 泥胡草.HBCDs异构体在土壤-植物体系的RCFs与log K_ow,TFs与log K_ow之间均未发现显著的相关性,可能是由于植物物种的差异和复杂的真实环境的影响.本研究首次为白洋淀淀区土壤-植物体系中HBCDs的污染及其立体选择性行为提供依据,对该地区综合评估其生态安全风险和持久性有机污染物（POPs）的污染防治具有重要意义.     

大亚湾海域营养盐的季节变化及微表层对营养盐的富集作用

于2007年5月～2008年4月对大亚湾海域微表层、次表层和底层氮(N)、磷(P)、硅(Si)营养盐进行了每月一次的周年调查和比较分析.结果表明,大亚湾海域营养盐含量较前期调查略有上升,可溶性无机氮(DIN)、可溶性无机磷(DIP)、可溶性硅酸盐(DSi)的平均值分别为8.93、0.41和9.41μmol·L-1,养殖...     

Tracing the impact of stack configuration on interface resistances in reverse electrodialysis by in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• RED performance and stack resistance were studied by EIS and LSV. • Interface resistance were discriminated from Ohmic resistance by EIS. • Impacts of spacer shadow effect and concentration polarization were analyzed. • Ionic short current reduced the power density for more cell pairs. • The results enabled to predict RED performance with different configurations. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an emerging membrane-based technology for the production of renewable energy from mixing waters with different salinities. Herein, the impact of the stack configuration on the Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances as well as the performance of RED were systematically studied by using in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Three different parameters (membrane type, number of cell pairs and spacer design) were controlled. The Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances were evaluated for RED stacks equipped with two types of commercial membranes (Type I and Type II) supplied by Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V: Type I Fuji membranes displayed higher Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances than Type II membranes, which was mainly attributed to the difference in fixed charge density. The output power of the stack was observed to decrease with the increasing number of cell pairs mainly due to the increase in ionic shortcut currents. With the reduction in spacer thickness from 750 to 200 µm, the permselectivity of membranes in the stack decreased from 0.86 to 0.79 whereas the energy efficiency losses increased from 31% to 49%. Overall, the output of the present study provides a basis for understanding the impact of stack design on internal losses during the scaling-up of RED.     

Study on ecological adaptability construction characteristics of residential buildings in Kangba area,Tibet, China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Located in the southwest of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tibet is characterized by high cold, high radiation, and large differences in temperature...