基于风险矩阵的水电站项目风险分级评估方法研究——以乌东德水电站为例

为了解决千万千瓦级巨型水电站项目建设过程的风险分析问题,以我国目前在建的千万千瓦级水电站重要项目—乌东德水电站为例,对水电站项目存在的隐患进行排查和梳理,找出影响安全施工的危险源,并采用风险矩阵法对其进行风险评估,将存在的风险按照其造成的影响后果不同分成可忽略（Ⅰ级）、可接受（Ⅱ级）、有条件可接受（Ⅲ级）和不可接受（Ⅳ）4个等级。研究结果不仅可用于查找、分析整个水电站项目建设过程中存在的重大风险,对风险进行有效、科学、简捷地评估,还可将各个风险点进行明确划分,对同类千万千瓦级巨型水电站的风险分析和安全管理工作具有参考和借鉴作用。     

长庆油田油气泄漏防治体系建设与应用

为防治油气泄漏事件,长庆油田以重点环境保护目标为对象,按照层级防护、标本兼治、数字预警、分级响应、就地控制的原则,建设油气泄漏防治体系,明确和落实油田公司、厂处、作业区、生产岗位四个层级的防治范围和职责,构建系统参数预警报警、阀门截断、基础防护三道防线,全面提升安全环保的防范能力和水平。保证事故状态下,能够在最短时间、最小范围内进行最有效的处置,实现重点环境保护目标的安全。     

CTMAB／SDS改性沸石对水中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯吸附机制

以季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB及阴离子表面活性剂SDS对粉末状天然沸石进行复合改性,制备得到了CTMAB／SDS改性沸石。对改性沸石及天然沸石进行红外吸收光谱及XRD衍射表征,并研究了PAEs在天然沸石和CT-MAB／SDS改性沸石上的吸附机制。结果表明,阴阳离子表面活性剂没有对层状结构的键型造成较大的影响;PAEs在天然沸石和CTMAB／SDS改性沸石上的吸附更符合表面吸附一分配作用复合模型;PAEs的表面吸附和分配作用对吸附作用的贡献主要受吸附剂中有机质含量及吸附物质大小、极性及溶解度的影响。     

尖晶石型铝酸盐光催化还原CO_2

采用有机物前驱法制备了3种尖晶石型铝酸盐催化剂(CoAl_2O_4,ZnAl_2O_4,CoAl_2O_4)。采用FTIR,XRD,UV-Vis DRS等技术对催化剂进行表征,并将催化剂应用于CO_2的光催化还原。表征结果显示:除CoAl_2O_4外,CoAl_2O_4和ZnAl_2O_4在煅烧时均直接形成尖晶石相;CoAl_2O_4,CoAl_2O_4,ZnAl_2O_4的平均粒径分别为25.21,21.35,23.26 nm,禁带宽度分别为1.77,1.45,3.82 eV。分别以煅烧温度为900℃、煅烧时间为4 h时制得的ZnAl_2O_4,CoAl_2O_4,CoAl_2O_4为催化剂,在催化剂加入量为1.5 g/L、CO_2流量为200 mL/min、反应温度为60℃的条件下光催化反应8 h,甲酸产生量分别为443.54,365.65,241.39μmol/g。     

Relationships of relative humidity with PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> and PM<Subscript>10</Subscript> in the Yangtze River Delta,China

Severe particulate matter (PM, including PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) pollution frequently impacts many cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China, which has aroused growing concern. In this study, we examined the associations between relative humidity (RH) and PM pollution using the equal step-size statistical method. Our results revealed that RH had an inverted U-shaped relationship with PM_2.5 concentrations (peaking at RH = 45–70%), and an inverted V-shaped relationship (peaking at RH = 40 ± 5%) with PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂. The trends of polluted-day number significantly changed at RH = 70%. The very-dry (RH < 45%), dry (RH = 45–60%) and low-humidity (RH = 60–70%) conditions positively affected PM_2.5 and exerted an accumulation effect, while the mid-humidity (RH = 70–80%), high-humidity (RH = 80–90%), and extreme-humidity (RH = 90–100%) conditions played a significant role in reducing particle concentrations. For PM₁₀, the accumulation and reduction effects of RH were split at RH = 45%. Moreover, an upward slope in the PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio indicated that the accumulation effects from increasing RH were more intense on PM_2.5 than on PM₁₀, while the opposite was noticed for the reduction effects. Secondary transformations from SO₂ and NO₂ to sulfate and nitrate were mainly responsible for PM_2.5 pollution, and thus, controlling these precursors is effective in mitigating the PM pollution in the YRD, especially during winter. The conclusions in this study will be helpful for regional air-quality management.     

Trophic states of creeks and their relationship to changes in water level in Xixi National Wetland Park,China

Urban wetland parks are a new type of urban park that have developed rapidly in recent years and have caught the attention of multiple governmental departments. The objective of this paper was to describe the trophic states of creeks and their relationship to water levels in an urban wetland park in Xixi, China. The study was based on temporal and spatial data collected monthly between March 2009 and March 2010. The results indicated that: (1) water quality significantly changed from upstream to downstream in study creeks. From upstream to downstream, water quality of creeks I and III improved; however, the water quality of creek IV and V declined; (2) trophic states in Xixi creeks differed according to seasons. Overall, the nutrition in creeks was measured at the slight eutrophication level. Nutrition was highest in summer and lowest in winter; (3) the relationship between water quality and water level differed dramatically between creeks. Water quality and water level in creek I was significantly negatively correlated, while no obvious trends were observed in other creeks. In order to improve water quality in creeks, the valid technique is to strengthen the management of inflowing water quality and then control water levels.     

高压电晕与臭氧联用对不同结构染料脱色效果的比较研究

比较研究了高压电晕与臭氧联用对活性艳红X-3B(单偶氮)、活性艳蓝X-BR(蒽醌)、活性黑KN-GRRC(双偶氮)、酸性红ARL(单偶氮)、酸性蓝BRL(蒽醌)、酸性橙AGT(双偶氮)和分散蓝2BLN(蒽醌)7种染料模拟废水的脱色效果.结果显示,酸性橙AGT模拟废水的脱色速度较慢,而其他6种染料在15 min内都能完全脱色,这表明染料结构本身的差异决定了脱色效果;活性染料模拟废水的脱色效果优于酸性染料;蒽醌染料和单偶氮染料模拟废水的脱色效果明显好于双偶氮染料.     

珠江入海口水体中多溴联苯醚及其来源分析

2005年3月至2006年2月,选取珠江8个入海口,进行每月1次为期1周年的水样采集。检测了96个水样的多溴联苯醚（PBDEs,包括BDE 28、47、66、85、99、100、138、153、154、183、196、197、203、206、207、208和209）的残留状况。水体中PBDEs的质量浓度为0.344～68.0 ng·L-1。PBDEs的组成分析结果表明：珠江水体PBDEs的来源以土壤和沉积物源为主,而目前珠三角陆地环境中PBDEs仍不断蓄积,其通过珠江地表径流迁移转换的PBDEs将逐年增多,给珠三角水生态环境带来的压力逐日增加,所造成的生态环境及公众健康影响将是深远的。     

废旧线路板中贵金属湿法浸出技术研究进展

废旧线路板(WPCB)的数量逐年增长,妥善处理废旧线路板不仅体现其回收利用价值,并且具有可观的环境效益.湿法处理废旧线路板工艺成熟,具有流程短、效率高的优点.本文综述了废旧线路板中贵金属(主要以金为例)浸出方法的研究状况,并从效率、环境影响、成本等方面对不同方法进行了比较.分析表明,硫脲法和碘化法浸出效率高、环境影响小...     

金厂沟梁金矿床矿脉原生地球化学特征及深部含矿性评价

金厂沟梁金矿床的矿脉走向主要为NW向和近SN向 ,NW向矿脉中矿体赋存深度比近SN向矿脉浅约 2 0 0m。近南北向矿脉的金矿体主要赋存在矿脉向西凸出与平稳变化的转折部位。As、Sb含量和F3因子得分值的高值指示矿体上部 ,Co、Mo含量和F5因子得分值的高值指示矿体的下部或尾部。黄铁矿是最主要的载金矿物 ,中粒、半自形晶 ,碎裂发育 ,晶体内含杂质较多的黄铁矿含金率高。在东矿区 ,近SN向矿脉的探矿重点应放在寻找六中段以上部位的平行矿脉 ,NW向矿脉的探矿重点应放在二—三中段以上的较浅部位