腐殖酸-重金属对ANAMMOX菌脱氮性能的影响及其动力学分析

通过批次实验研究了两种典型重金属离子[Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）]与腐殖酸对厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）脱氮效果（SAA）的影响并进行了动力学模型分析,同时探讨了腐殖酸-重金属对ANAMMOX脱氮的影响.结果表明,在投加ρ[Cu（Ⅱ）]和ρ[Ni（Ⅱ）]均为3mg·L^-1时,对ANAMMOX有促进作用,SAA分别提高了8.64%和7.78%;当ρ[Cu（Ⅱ）]和ρ[Ni（Ⅱ）]分别为20mg·L^-1和5mg·L^-1时则对ANAMMOX有抑制作用,抑制效果随重金属离子浓度增加而越发显著,指数拟合表明Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）对ANAMMOX的IC50分别为29.67mg·L^-1和28.75mg·L^-1.在投加ρ（腐殖酸）为1mg·L^-1时SAA提高了7.37%, 40mg·L^-1时抑制率即达到36.80%,线性拟合表明腐殖酸对ANAMMOX菌的IC50为58.36mg·L^-1.修正的Michaelis-Menten模型能较...     

农民工职业危害防护需求意愿调查分析

为了调查农民工职业危害防护的具体需求意愿及他们对企业职业危害管理现状的认知,分析农民工职业危害防护需求意愿与农民工职业危害防护行为之间的关系。采用问卷调查的定量调查方法进行调查。调查对象中男性农民工409人,女性农民工157人。参与问卷调查的农民工,均接触一种及以上的职业性有害因素。调查内容包括了解公司预防和控制职业病的政策,参与公司的职业危害管理决策,实施的职业性健康安全培训、健康监护、个人防护用品的使用等预防和控制职业病的管理措施等方面,本次调查显示,农民工对于预防职业危害表现出强烈的需求愿望,且对企业的职业危害防护现况表示了不满,倾向于采取极端的行为维护自身的健康权益。但另一方面,农民工实际参与企业职业危害防护的行为率较低,与他们的需求意愿相比有明显的差距。     

MAP沉淀法与超声波技术相联合对畜禽粪便的脱氮除磷效果

研究磷酸铵镁(MAP)沉淀法与超声波技术相联合处理高浓度畜禽废水的最佳反应条件.结果表明,MAP沉淀法在pH值9.5、n(Mg2+):n(NH+4)∶n(PO43-)=1.2∶1∶1、反应时间10 min时脱氮除磷效果最佳,氨氮去除率为95.10％,磷酸盐去除率为97.40％.MAP沉淀与超声波辐照联合处理最佳条件下,同时增加曝气(流量为200L·h-1),6h时氨氮去除率可提高到98％.     

论开展主要环境质量指标浓度考核

针对现行环境质量考核体系中存在问题,选取主要的环境质量考核指标,提出逐步推行浓度值考核设想,并对比分析该考核办法与现行比例考核办法的优劣。     

Exposure assessment for methyl and total mercury from seafood consumption in Korea, 2005 to 2008

Reports on the occurrence and intake assessment of mercury for Korean seafood are currently not available. This is the first report to estimate the intake of methyl (Me-Hg) and total mercury (T-Hg) from seafood consumption in Korea. The concentrations of Me-Hg and T-Hg in seafood ranged from 1.02 to 780 (mean: 55.6) ng g(-1) wet weight and 4.89 to 1008 (mean: 100) ng g(-1) wet weight, respectively. The residue levels of Me-Hg and T-Hg in Korean seafood were moderate compared with those found in other countries. The methylation ratios of fish, cephalopods and crustaceans were similar, but shellfish had lower values compared with other species. The intakes of Me-Hg and T-Hg from seafood consumption for the general population were estimated to be 38.8 and 73.8 ng kg(-1) body weight per day, respectively. Mackerel, tuna and squid made the highest contributions to the total intake of these contaminants. Among eight age groups, 30-49 year and 3-6 year age groups had the highest exposure to Me-Hg and T-Hg. The concentrations and intakes of Me-Hg and T-Hg from Korean seafood were less than the allowable residue levels and threshold intake levels suggested by Korean and international authorities. The present study may be useful for risk management of mercury in Korean seafood.     

水稻光合碳在植株-土壤系统中分配与稳定对施磷的响应

为探究稻田土壤光合碳的输入及分配对施磷的响应特征,本研究选用籼性常规水稻品种（中早39）,在两个施磷（0 mg·kg^-1和80 mg·kg^-1;分别记为P₀和P₈₀）条件下进行盆栽试验,同时采用¹³CO₂连续标记技术量化光合碳在水稻-土壤系统中的分配.结果表明,施磷显著增加光合碳在水稻地上部的分配,降低其在根际土的分配（P<0.05）;施磷使拔节期水稻的光合碳含量增加了70%,根系干重降低了31%.与不施磷相比,施磷显著提高了水稻地上部全碳含量0.31 g·pot^-1（P<0.05）,显著降低了水稻根冠比;施磷使进入非根际土壤微生物量的光合碳（¹³C-MBC）显著增加了0.03 mg·kg^-1,但降低其在根际土壤的分配;光合碳在非根际土壤颗粒态有机碳（POC）和矿物结合态有机碳（MOC）的分配对施磷的响应不显著,但在根际土壤施磷处理显著降低了其在POC中的含量.因此,施磷增加了光合碳在水稻-土壤系统的分配,但降低了光合碳在土壤中的积累.本研究探讨施磷对水稻光合碳在水稻-土壤系统的分配及其稳定的影响,为缺磷土壤的合理施用磷肥及其对土壤有机碳积累的影响提供理论基础和数据支撑;对理解稻田土壤光合碳的传输与分配特征及其固碳潜力具有重要意义.     

钒基催化剂同步去除燃煤烟气中甲苯与NOx研究

采用不同工艺制备V₂O₅-WO₃-MoO_x/TiO₂堇青石整体式催化剂,以甲苯和NO为探针分子,考察了Mo的负载量、涂覆方法、粘结剂的种类等制备工艺对整体式催化剂性能的影响,用XRD、SEM-EDS、FT-IR、BET等技术对催化剂进行了表征分析.结果表明,采用涂敷法,以添加量为1%的甲基纤维素为粘结剂所制备的V1W6Mo3/TiO₂堇青石蜂窝陶瓷整体式催化剂具有最优活性和稳定性（T₉₀为307℃,负载率为28.26%,脱落率为6.81%）,在燃煤烟气中具有优异的同步去除VOCs与NO性能,甲苯去除率可达99%,NO去除率为100%,N₂选择性为99%.XRD、SEM-EDS表明V、W、Mo活性组分分布均匀且高度分散.FT-IR证明添加甲基纤维素的整体式催化剂具有优异的抗硫性能.     

ZnO包覆Al_2O_3的制备表征及光催化性能研究

采用化学沉积法制备了ZnO包覆Al2O3光催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)进行了表征。在自制的光化学反应器中,以中压汞灯作光源,一定浓度的甲基橙为光催化反应模型化合物,研究了光催化剂的活性。考察了甲基橙初始浓度、催化剂加投量、pH值、温度、光照强度、反应液体积等因素对脱色率的影响。实验结果表明,ZnO包覆Al2O3复合光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性。在250W中压汞灯下光照3h,0.10g复合光催化剂能使200mL,10mg/L甲基橙溶液的脱色率达到92.21%。     

Study on dust–gas coupling pollution law and selection of optimal purification distance of air duct during tunneling process

During the excavation of high gas mine, gas and dust often exist at the same time. In order to ensure that the gas concentration remains within a safe range and minimize the risk of workers’ pneumoconiosis, we simulated the interaction mechanism of airflow, gas, and dust, explored the pollution law of gas and dust, and obtained the optimal purification distance (L_p) by the CFD method. The reliability of the numerical simulation was verified by field measurements. Firstly, the properties of the gas and dust affected the structure of the airflow field. At the same time, the change in the airflow field affected the concentration distributions of the gas and dust. During the diffusion process, some high-risk regions in which the gas or dust concentrations exceeded 0.80% or 200 mg/m³, respectively, were discovered. Moreover, we have found that the airflow velocity in the top region of the tunnel and at the intersection corner between the cutting face and tunnel wall was the main factor affecting the purification effects. When L_p = 5–8 m, the gas concentration remained below 0.50%. When L_p = 6 m, the dust concentration reached a minimum of 287.5 mg/m³. Therefore, the optimal purification distance was determined to be 6 m; in which case, the gas and dust concentrations decreased by 32.84% and 47.02%, respectively.

     

生产力指数模型PI在北方土壤生产力评价中的应用

土壤生产力评价是土地生产力评价的一个重要方法,对土壤生产力进行科学合理的定量评价具有重要意义。论文以中国北方4个耕地类型区为研究区域,选用全国第二次土壤普查成果中44个典型剖面的土层厚度、容重、机械组成、有机质含量、pH和作物产量数据,建立了新的PI模型并对PI值与产量进行回归分析,以证明PI模型是较好的土壤生产力评价模型。研究结果表明：①东北黑土区、北方平原区、北方山地丘陵区、黄土高原区的PI均值分别为0.377、0.198、0.202和0.172,说明东北黑土区土壤生产力最高,黄土高原区最低;②在各区内部,PI值与作物产量之间均呈十分显著的线性关系,其回归方程的决定系数变化范围在0.589~0.743,均能通过显著性水平为0.005的检验,表明PI模型可用于区内土壤生产力评价;③回归直线的重合性检验表明,不同类型区PI值与产量的回归方程有显著差异,但北方平原区和北方山地丘陵区在显著性水平为0.05时可将PI值与产量进行统一回归。土地生产力区间差异主要由气候因素造成,而区内差异主要是由土壤因素造成。该模型的不足之处就在于未考虑不同耕地类型区之间不同的气候因素,这一点有待于继续探讨。但是对于耕地类型区内部来说,PI模型不失为一个比较好的土壤生产力评价模型。