The role of supervisor political skill in mentoring: Dual motivational perspectives

Drawing on self‐determination and self‐concept‐based theories, this study investigated the mediating effects of psychological empowerment and organization‐based self‐esteem on the relationship between supervisory mentoring and employee performance and the moderating effect of supervisor political skill on the direct and first stage of the indirect effects. Data were obtained from a sample of 330 subordinate–supervisor dyads from the People's Republic of China. Using PROCESS of conditional indirect effect, we found support for the moderated direct and indirect effects of supervisory mentoring. First, supervisor political skill moderates the direct effect of supervisory mentoring on employee promotability. Second, supervisor political skill moderates the indirect effect of supervisory mentoring on the following: (i) employee promotability via both psychological empowerment and organization‐based self‐esteem and (ii) contextual performance only via psychological empowerment. These direct and indirect effects of supervisory mentoring are stronger when supervisors demonstrate a higher level of political skill. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

安全风险预警技术研究

安全风险预警技术是一种预防事故、提高安全管理的效率和水平的有效手段.对安全风险预警技术的研究是实现现代化安全管理的迫切要求.本文提出了实施安全风险预警的具体方法,即选用危险态(第二类危险源)作为预警要素,通过对所有预警要素的实时监控,并将监控结果进行综合评价,以警示色的形式发出预警信号,提示相关部门采取应对措施的方法.最后,本文以首都机场的应用实例展示该技术的具体应用过程和其有效性.     

基于RS/GIS的四湖地区湖泊水域百年变迁研究

四湖地区是长江中游江汉平原的重要湖泊分布区,在历史时期湖泊分布广阔,是著名的云梦泽的主体。由于江湖关系演变和人类活动的影响,湖泊面积变化迅速,尤以20世纪为甚。在野外调查和历史文献分析的基础上,利用不同时期的水利图、地形图、遥感影像图作为基本信息源,在GIS技术支持下,提取湖泊面积信息,对四湖地区近百年湖泊水域变化进行了研究。结果显示,从20世纪20年代开始湖泊面积和个数呈先增加后减少的趋势,50年代处于鼎盛时期,50年代初期到70年代初期迅速减少,70年代至2000年减幅明显减缓。这种动态变化是自然因素和人类活动综合作用的结果,人类活动的作用更为突出。针对湖泊水域日益减少的现状,应加强对湖泊资源的保护力度,并在此基础上进行合理开发和利用。     

Absence of metallothionein 3 expression in breast cancer is a rare but favorable marker that is under epigenetic control

Cadmium (Cd²⁺), a known carcinogen, mimics the effects of estrogen in the uterus and mammary gland suggesting its possible involvement in the development and progression of breast cancer. This lab showed through analysis of a small set of archival human diagnostic specimens that the third isoform of the classic Cd²⁺ binding protein metallothionein (MT-3) is not expressed in normal breast tissue, but is expressed in some breast cancers and that expression tends to correlate with a poor disease outcome. The goals of this study were to verify that overexpression of MT-3 in a large set of archival human diagnostic specimens tends to correlate with poor disease outcome and define the mechanism of MT-3 gene regulation in the normal breast epithelial cell. The results showed that MT-3 was expressed in approximately 90% of all breast cancers and was absent in normal breast epithelium. The lack of MT-3 staining in some cancers correlated with a favorable patient outcome. High frequency of MT-3 staining was also found for in situ breast cancer suggesting that MT-3 might be an early biomarker for breast cancer. The study also demonstrated that the MCF-10A cell line, an immortalized, non-tumorigenic model of human breast epithelial cells, displayed no basal expression of MT-3, nor was it induced by Cd²⁺. Treatment of the MCF-10A cells with the demethylation agent, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, or the histone deacetylase inhibitor, MS-275, restored MT-3 mRNA expression. It was also shown that the MT-3 metal regulatory elements are potentially active binders of protein factors following treatment with these inhibitors suggesting that MT-3 expression may be subject to epigenetic regulation.     

Effect of acute whole-body proton irradiation on hematological and intestinal variables in mice

Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a single dose of protons or ⁶⁰Co gamma rays at 20 mGy and 2 Gy, which represent the recommended limit for annual occupational exposure and the daily fractional dose for patients undergoing radiotherapy, respectively. A control group was not exposed to radiation. The number of peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen cells was assessed 24 h after radiation to investigate the marrow suppression. The number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in peripheral blood was significantly lower in mice exposed to the higher dose of radiation than in the nonirradiated mice. However, at a low dose of radiation, there were no discernable hematological effects. The frequency of micronuclei in bone marrow cells was increased only after the high dose of gamma radiation. Radiation-induced intestinal apoptosis was measured using terminal deoxynucleotide transferase labeling assay. The magnitude of damage was greater after gamma irradiation than after proton irradiation at the same dose. Among the systemic biological end point to predict whole body radiation effect, the apoptosis of intestinal crypts may be the most sensitive parameter to provide information even at low dose of radiation.     

丙酮丁醇梭菌Clostridium acetobutylicum CICC 8012发酵鲜芭蕉芋生产丁醇

以非粮作物鲜芭蕉芋为原料,利用丙酮丁醇梭菌CICC 8012发酵生产丁醇.采用中心组合实验设计(CCD),选取初始糖浓度、接种量、中性红、乙酸铵为主要影响因素,对发酵条件进行优化,建立以丁醇产量为响应值的数学模型.对模型求解得到:初始糖浓度62.25 g/L,接种量为10.81%,中性红为0.81 g/L,乙酸铵为0.574 g/L时,最终的丁醇产量为12.83 g/L.验证实验结果表明,在优化条件下丁醇发酵产量达到12.73 g/L,证明了模型可靠有效.     

多米诺事故情景下的区域环境风险评价

将多米诺效应纳入化工区环境风险评价中,采用扩展概率模型和蒙特卡洛模拟的方法计算多米诺事故的概率,运用大气和水扩散模型模拟污染事故的后果,进而利用地理信息系统分析在多米诺事故情景下的区域环境风险水平.结果表明,研究区域67.5%的风险源能引发二次事故,平均每个初始事故引发9.58次二次事故、17.21次三次事故.二次事故情景和三次事故情景下的区域环境风险值分别是一次事故的6.40倍和12.33倍,多米诺效应明显放大了区域环境风险值,应成为今后风险防范的重点.     

温榆河昌平段沉积物重金属影响因素分析及污染评价

温榆河是北京市重要的防洪排涝、拦污河道,每年接纳大量污水,面临严重的水环境问题. 为了解温榆河昌平段表层沉积物重金属含量、影响因素及污染状况,在温榆河昌平段采集沉积物样品28个,测定pH、w(OM)(OM有机质)、w(TN)、w(TP)、w(TK)等沉积物理化性状及w(Cu)、w(Zn)、w(Pb)和w(Cr). 通过相关性分析和因子分析,研究沉积物中pH、w(OM)、w(TN)、w(TP)、w(TK)与4种重金属质量分数的相关关系,并运用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对重金属污染状况进行评价. 结果表明:沉积物中w(Cu)、w(Zn)、w(Pb)和w(Cr)平均值分别为19.35、89.90、25.80、53.74mg/kg,变异系数分别为29.76%、43.39%、37.54%、20.90%,其中w(Zn)的空间变异程度最大. 沉积物中w(OM)与w(Cu)和w(Zn)的R(相关系数)分别为0.515(P<0.01)、0.599(P<0.01),w(TN)与w(Cu)、w(Zn)、w(Pb)的R分别为0.463(P<0.05)、0.713(P<0.01)和0.654(P<0.01).因子分析也显示,w(OM)、w(TN)、w(Cu)、w(Zn)和w(Pb)在第1因子上具有较高的载荷系数. 地累积指数评价结果表明,表层沉积物重金属污染程度顺序为Cr>Zn>Pb>Cu,Cr为轻度污染,Zn、Pb、Cu未达到污染. 潜在生态风险程度分析表明,各重金属潜在生态风险程度及综合生态风险程度均为轻微.      

氨基脲的毒性效应研究进展

环境及食品中的氨基脲主要来源于硝基呋喃类药物及偶氮二甲酰胺的分解;同时,次氯酸盐与氨基酸的作用也能产生氨基脲. 氨基脲曾在食品动物、玻璃包装食品等多种食品中被检出,近期在我国东营潮河入海口邻近海域也有检出. 早期的研究表明,氨基脲具有致诱变性和潜在的致癌性;而近期的研究表明,氨基脲不仅能够在组织形态学水平上导致多种组织器官的形态改变,而且还可对神经系统、内分泌系统的功能产生影响. 50~150mg/L氨基脲可导致大鼠胎儿肺和肝脏器官内核酸水平显著降低,增加幼年小鼠肺肿瘤发生率;此外,能够显著增加鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞的微核率,表现出弱遗传毒性. 氨基脲是GABA合成酶GAD(谷氨酸脱羧酶)的抑制剂,并且对NMDAR(N-甲基-D-天氡氨酸受体)具有拮抗作用,从而产生神经毒性. 氨基脲可致大鼠多个靶组织器官形态结构的改变且具有一定的性别差异,其中,对胸腺及肾上腺的组织学改变仅在雌性中表现出来,而对甲状腺组织结构的改变仅在雄性中表现明显,对生殖器官的毒性表现为其能够改变雌性卵巢和雄性睾丸显微结构. 雌性大鼠口服40、75、140mg/kg氨基脲28d能够降低其血浆内E₂(雌二醇)水平,并且呈剂量-效应关系,表现出抗雌激素效应. 未来应继续补充氨基脲的毒性数据,以揭示其毒性作用机制;同时,应从其衍生物降解规律、环境风险评价等角度进行深入研究.      

基于灰色关联分析的高层建筑火灾风险评估

为了研究高层建筑火灾风险,在综合考虑高层建筑空间火灾特点及发展过程的基础上,建立了包括安全疏散系统、建筑自身防火能力、灭火能力、消防救援设施以及安全管理五大因素的火灾风险评估指标体系,并利用灰色关联度分析法构建了高层建筑火灾系统的灰色关联评价模型。通过计算各评价指标序列和实际样本序列直接的灰色关联度,建立了系统的灰色关联矩阵,得到了各影响因素及系统整体的风险等级。利用该模型对上海市静安区胶州路728号教师公寓大楼的火灾风险进行了综合评估,结果与实际情况相符。评估结果表明,在高层建筑火灾风险评估中引入灰色关联分析方法可以得到高层建筑火灾危险性的科学数据,并进一步指出薄弱环节,对高层建筑的防火设计及日常安全管理等都具有指导意义。