大流量孔口流量计的校准、数据处理及误差分析

用罗兹流量计校准孔口流量计,用温度和大气压力对孔口流量计的负压进行修正,使孔口流量计的流量和压力修正项间的关系为一直线,得到孔口流量计的标准曲线并评价其精度。探讨了孔口流量计流量不确定度的主要来源,为精度控制提供了理论依据。      

庆大霉素和金霉素废水的处理试验研究

对庆大霉素、金霉素及其混合废水的厌氧、好氧处理进行静态试验。结果表明,对于ＣＯＤ为１９２４０ｍｇ／Ｌ的庆大霉素废水,当厌氧反应时间为３ｄ,好氧１０ｈ时,ＣＯＤ去除率为９８．４％;ＣＯＤ为７７４０ｍｇ／Ｌ的庆大霉素和金霉素混合废水（１：２）,厌氧处理２ｄ,好氧１０ｈ时,ＣＯＤ去除９５．８％;庆大霉素废水厌氧处理３ｄ,金霉素废水厌氧处理６ｈ,再将这２种废水混合进行好氧处理４ｈ,其最终出水ＣＯＤ可小于３００ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

紫外光降解黑索金(RDX)的研究

本课题对模拟废水中RDX在紫外光和氧化剂等作用下的光化学降解情况进行了研究.运用正交设计法来安排实验,获得了废水的酸碱度、过氧化氢与亚铁离子的投加量、紫外光照射的时间等RDX降解的最佳条件.自行设计了光化学降解装置.在最佳条件下对RDX模拟废水进行光化学处理,并利用721分光光度计以及TOC-500测试仪对实验结果进行鉴定,取得了较为满意的结果.     

关于厌氧流化床稳态机理模型和参数估计模型的推理性研究

本研究采用化繁为简的模型图式、质量平衡原理和实验中的经验数据进行了厌氧流化床消化有机废液过程稳态机理模型的推理,继而对机理模型作了线性化处理,得到厌氧流化床运行的稳态参数估计模型。这些模型可用于厌氧流化床运行的在线控制,具有理论和实用价值。     

化学合成聚3-羟基丁酸酯薄膜的生物降解性

利用土壤埋藏,海水降解,活性污泥及高等真菌降解实验对化学法合成的聚３－羟基丁酯,薄膜进行了生物降解性研究。结果表明,降解ＰＨＢ薄膜的微生分布比较广泛;     

Zoo animal manure as an overlooked reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and multidrug-resistant bacteria

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Animal fecal samples collected in the summer and winter from 11 herbivorous animals, including sable antelope (SA), long-tailed goral (LTG), and...     

连续年龄序列桉树人工林土壤微量元素含量及其影响因素

对连续年龄序列(2 a、3 a、4 a、5 a、6 a)桉树人工林土壤三种微量元素(Fe、Mn、Zn)的含量及其影响因素进行了分析,探讨了土壤微量元素含量随林分年龄的变化规律.土壤养分之间的相关性分析表明,所有年龄阶段的桉树人工林中土壤Fe、Mn、Zn含量与土壤pH值之间呈极显著的正相关,说明土壤微量元素含量强烈受土壤酸度的影响.土壤三种微量元素含量与土壤全K、全ca、全Mg等大量养分元素含量之间均存在显著或极显著的正相关,而与土壤有机C、全N、全P的相关性不明显(0～20 cm表层土壤的Zn除外).总的来说,土壤微量元素含量随桉树人工林年龄的增加呈下降趋势,其中6 a生桉树人工林各土壤层(0～20 cm、20～40 cm、40～60 cm)的Fe、Mn、Zn含量分别比2a生林分下降13.7%～21.8%、55.6%～57.2%和71.0%～73.2%.在当前桉树人工林种植方式下,随着林分年龄的增加,应增施有机、无机肥和Fe、Mn、Zn等微量元素肥料,以有效控制土壤地力衰退和实现桉树人工林可持续经营.     

One-at-a-time sensitivity analysis of pollutant loadings to subsurface properties for the assessment of soil and groundwater pollution potential

Chemical leak was numerically simulated for four chemical substances: benzene (light non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL)), tetrachloroethylene (dense NAPL), phenol (soluble in water), and pentachlorophenol (white crystalline solid) in a hypothetical subsurface leak situation using a multiphase compositional transport model. One metric ton of chemical substances was assumed to leak at a point 3.51 m above the water table in a homogeneous unconfined aquifer which had the depth to water table of 7.135 m, the hydraulic gradient of 0.00097, the recharge rate of 0.7 mm/day, and the permeability of 2.92?×?10^?10 m². For comparison, surface spill scenarios, which had a long pathway from source to the water table, were simulated. Using the model results, point-source pollutant loadings to soil and groundwater were calculated by multiplying mass, impact area, and duration above and below the water table respectively. Their sensitivity to subsurface properties (depth to water table, recharge rate, porosity, organic carbon content, decay rate, hydraulic gradient, capillary pressure, relative permeability, permeability) was analyzed, with changing each parameter within acceptable ranges. The study result showed that the pollutant loading to groundwater was more sensitive to the subsurface properties than the pollutant loading to soil. Decay rate, groundwater depth, hydraulic gradient and porosity were influential to pollutant loadings. The impact of influential parameters on pollutant loadings was nonlinear. The dominant subsurface properties of pollution loadings (e.g., decay rate, groundwater depth, hydraulic gradient, and porosity for groundwater) also affect the vulnerability, and the subsurface pollutant loadings defined in this study are dependent on chemical properties as well, which indicates that the influential hydrogeological and physicochemical parameters to pollutant loadings can be used for pollution potential assessment. The contribution of this work is the suggestion that the sensitivity of pollutant loadings can be used for pollution potential assessment. Soil and groundwater pollution potential of chemicals are discussed altogether for leak scenarios. A physics-based model is used to understand the impact of subsurface properties on the fate and transport of chemicals above and below the water table, and consequently their impact on the pollutant loading to soil and groundwater.

     

国内外环境噪声监测方法比较及启示

综合比较了中国、日本、欧盟、美国和澳大利亚等国家或地区的环境噪声监测与评价方法,分析了声环境质量监测法、噪声地图预测法和噪声源监测法3种环境噪声评估方法的优缺点,认为声环境质量监测法适合现阶段中国环境噪声监测与管理需求,但下一步应结合噪声产生与传播预测方法改进中国声环境监测评价方法,增强对监测过程的质控,增加重点噪声源监测,以期更全面地反映城市声环境质量状况。     

高效液相色谱法测定土壤中多环芳烃的条件优化

研究了加速溶剂萃取(ASE)、固相萃取柱净化(SPE)、高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)联合测定土壤中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的分析方法,选择以正己烷/丙酮(1+1,V/V)作为ASE提取溶剂,提取液经SPE硅胶小柱净化,正己烷/二氯甲烷(1+1,V/V)进行洗脱,洗脱体积为10 m L,洗脱液经旋转蒸发浓缩至近干,过0.22μm有机滤膜,用乙腈定容至1 m L,最后用HPLC-紫外检测器对提取液中16种PAHs进行定量分析。土壤中16种PAHs的方法检出限为2.8~4.9μg/kg,加标回收率为81.9%~102%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~6.2%,完全满足土壤中PAHs分析的质量控制要求,该法稳定性好、准确度高、可操作性强,适合于土壤样品中16种PAHs的准确测定。