Contamination of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in breast milk in Korea: Time-course variation,influencing factors,and exposure assessment

Breast milk is a noninvasive specimen to assess maternal and infant exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). In this study, 206 breast milk samples were collected from 87 participants during lactation, at <7, 15, 30, or 90 days postpartum in four cities in Korea. The total concentrations of PCBs (ΣPCB) and OCPs (ΣOCP) ranged from <LOQ to 84.0 (median: 12.1) ng g⁻¹ lipid weight and from <LOQ to 559 (median: 144) ng g⁻¹ lipid weight, respectively. The residue levels of these contaminants measured in our study were relatively lower than those reported for European, African and Asian populations. Within a month postpartum typically after day seven the levels of ΣPCB and ΣOCP significantly increased. Some OCP compounds were correlated with maternal age, BMI, parity, and delivery mode. Certain types of dietary habits such as seafood and noodle consumption were significantly associated with ΣPCB and ΣOCP. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of ΣPCB and ΣOCP were 45.2–127 ng kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹ and 625–1259 ng kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹ during lactation, respectively, which are lower than the threshold values proposed by the US EPA and Health Canada. The exposure of Korean infants to chlordanes via breast milk had a potential health risk which deserves further investigation.     

沉淀——吸附法处理果胶工艺废水

利用果胶废水中的Al（Ⅲ）和石灰乳沉淀,并用炉渣、活性碳脱色的方法,处理盐板法提取果胶的工艺废水。通过正效实验,研究了最佳工艺条件。该工艺处理后的废水,Al（Ⅲ）去除率96.8％,CODCr去除率为92.7％,SO4^2－去除率为61.5％,且废渣产出量少。     

排水对三江平原沼泽湿地土壤中化学元素的影响

以三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站为研究基地 ,选择典型采样点 ,对排水沟土壤、沼泽土壤、沼泽化草甸土壤 (共有 6个采样点 ,2 8个样品 )进行测试 ,分析土样中主要离子 (HCO3- 、Cl- 、NO3- 、SO4 2 - 、Ca2 +、Mg2 +、K+、Na+)含量、重金属 (铁、锰、锌、铜 )含量、营养元素含量、有机质含量以及土壤pH值 ,研究沼泽排水对沼泽土壤中的化学元素含量的影响。研究结果表明 ,排水使沼泽土壤丧失大量的化学元素     

华东地区地震活动性参数的中短期异常动态变化特征

系统地研究了华东地区中强震前地震活动参数的演化特征 ,尤其是追踪研究了中短期阶段各参数的动态变化特征。结果表明 ,华东地区中强震孕育中短期阶段 ,有不少地震活动性参数图像出现明显的变化 ,如C值、D值、Mf 值和b值在中期阶段存在的大面积异常区开始出现明显的收缩甚至消失 ,这种变化是地震孕育过程进入中短期阶段的重要标志。未来主震往往发生在收缩区边缘或异常消失区 ,若当消失区再次出现小片异常 ,则该异常区是未来最为值得注意的危险区 ,而且时间上很可能进入短临。再如地震算法复杂性AC值由超出 1倍均方差的峰值下降、广义分维Dt由正常值下降并出现超过 1倍均方差的低值异常 ,也是地震孕育过程进入中短期阶段的判据。由于地震孕育是一个十分复杂的过程 ,在实际工作中需应用多种参数扫描结果进行综合判定 ,以便于缩小异常区 ,提高中短期预报的准确率。     

廊坊地区框架建筑的隔震设计

廊坊市的地震基本烈度为 8度 ,同时受中远场和近场地震影响。具有背景地震烈度较高而高烈度地震发震概率较小的特点。本文研究了根据廊坊市地震动加速度参数特点进行的框架结构隔震建筑设计方法与实例     

兰州市大气降尘中正构烷烃的分布特征及源解析

采集了2005年春季兰州市不同功能区大气降尘样品,采用气相色谱/质谱法测定样品中的正构烷烃。结果表明,降尘中正构烷烃主要有2种类型,一种是后峰型,以C29为主峰碳,大于C25正构烷烃具有明显的奇偶优势,碳优势指数(CPI)为1.25~1.40;另一种是双峰型,分别以C29,C20,C19,C15为主峰碳,在C25或C27后有明显的奇碳数优势,CPI为1.26~2.35。研究区内不同区域降尘中正构烷烃分布有明显的变化,相对清洁区正构烷烃分布为后峰型,主要来源于燃煤、高等植物的不完全燃烧。工业区、商业区、商业居民混合区正构烷烃分布属于双峰型,既有高等植物蜡的输入,也有汽车尾气、石油化工的输入,且人为源的贡献较大。     

英国CRTN道路交通噪声预测模型在中国的适用性研究

基于道路交通噪声990 h监测数据,对英国CRTN模型中源强计算模型在中国的适用性进行了验证。试验结果表明,理论计算与实测结果之间平均仅相差0.57 dB（A）,CRTN源强预测模型在中国可以可靠地预测道路交通噪声。     

绿色屋顶径流水质监测研究进展

概述了国内外绿色屋顶径流水质监测发展状况,并从绿色屋顶径流收集、降雨场次、监测指标、径流水质和污染物传输的影响因子等方面进行了归纳和总结。基于水量和水质管理,从几何尺寸、土壤类型和厚度、植被和维护等方面阐述了绿色屋顶在城市排水系统中的作用和地位。揭示了绿色屋顶需要开展长期的监测和研究,绿色屋顶径流水质监测逐渐向采样自动化和分析自动化方向发展。     

Environmental Issues for the Chinese Strong Aromatic Liquor Industry: an Assessment for the Brewing System

Environmental assessments are often performed for industries due to a lot of issues produced in the processes. However, few studies are reported for environmental assessment of Chinese liquor production. A lot of material consumptions in Chinese liquor industries often bring about serious environmental pollution. Thus, Chinese strong aromatic liquor (CSAL) is taken as a representative for the environmental issues assessment of Chinese liquor industry in view of cleaner production (CP). The assessment is performed for the brewing system of CSAL including three main phases: crude liquor brewing, crude liquor blending, and steam production, which addresses resource and energy consumptions and environmental impacts. The results indicate that, according to the standards of Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, the consumptions of materials and energy are acceptable while the water consumption is higher than the requirement. Moreover, the discharge of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the brewing phase is above the standard requirement and contributes much to eutrophication. The total environmental impacts in the blending phase are less than those in the brewing and steam production phases. In detail, in the brewing phase, high concentration of volatile organic compounds in the wastewater results in the odor threshold values and photochemical ozone creation. In the blending phase, the main environmental impact is eutrophication owing to the wastewater. In the steam production phase, the most and least significant impacts are global warming and soot emission, respectively, wherein waste gas emission is dominated. Cost analysis reveals that when the water consumption and COD discharge meet the requirements according to the CP option, there are plenty of economic and environmental benefits for the CSAL industry. The results confirm that the reform strategies for the Chinese liquor enterprise should be performed to decrease the water consumption, promote the utilization efficiency of water, improve recycle and reuse of by-products, reduce the pollutant discharge, and enhance waste treatment efficiency.     

GC和HPLC测定水中苦味酸的比较

建立了气相色谱法(GC)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定水中苦味酸的分析方法,并对2种方法进行比较。GC法检出限为0.000 4 mg/L,线性范围为0.0~0.050 mg/L,加标回收率为92.3%~94.1%,相对标准偏差为4.6%~8.9%。HPLC法检出限为0.02 mg/L,线性范围为0.10~5.00 mg/L,加标回收率为93.7%~96.5%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~2.0%。2种方法相比,GC法灵敏度较高,可用于痕量分析,但操作烦琐,不能有效地将苦味酸与硝基酚类干扰物分离;而HPLC法虽然灵敏度较差些,但简单、快速、稳定性好、准确度高,可有效地将苦味酸与硝基酚类干扰物分离。