Effect of spark duration on explosion parameters of methane/air mixtures in closed vessels

The paper outlines an experimental study on influence of the spark duration and the vessel volume on explosion parameters of premixed methane–air mixtures in the closed explosion vessels. The main findings from these experiments are: For the weaker ignition the spark durations in the range from 6.5 μs to 40.6 μs had little impact on explosion parameters for premixed methane–air mixtures in the 5 L vessel or 20 L vessel; For the same ignitions and volume fractions of methane in air the explosion pressures and the flame temperatures in both vessels of 5 L and 20 L were approximately the same, but the rates of pressure rises in both vessels of 5 L and 20 L were different; The explosion indexes obtained from the measured pressure time histories for both vessels of 5 L and 20 L were approximately equal; For the weaker ignition with the fixed spark duration 45 μs the ignition energies in the range from 54 mJ to 430 mJ had little impact on the explosion parameters; For the same ignition and the volume fractions of methane in air, the vessel volumes had a significant impact on the flame temperatures near the vessel wall; The flame temperatures near the vessel wall decreased as the vessel volumes increased.     

Experimental research into effects of obstacle on methane-coal dust hybrid explosion

An experimental system including pressure transducer, data acquisition card, computer and electric spark ignition device was set up to research methane-coal dust hybrid explosions in closed tubes with different types of obstacles inside. Its dynamic response time was less than a millisecond and the test precision was 0.1%. The experimental results show that the obstacles had great effects on the explosion characteristics in the tube. Hollow obstacles linked with inner wall of the tube induced faster pressure rising than installed center blocked solid obstacles. Obstacles with more sharp corner induce more violent explosions. The most dangerous explosion occurred when spacing between obstacles almost equaled the inner diameter of the tube for the same size obstacle.     

电除尘器分布板孔形对气流分布影响的仿真研究

针对不同气流分布板孔形,采用欧拉-拉格朗日多相流模型,应用CFX软件对电除尘器内部流场进行数值模拟计算,获得气流分布板孔形对气流均匀性影响的关系规律。仿真结果表明,孔形为方形的气流分布板能获得较佳的气流分布均匀性。     

一种验证可变速电梯变速功能安全性的检验方法

在分析可变速电梯原理的基础上,研究了可变速电梯变速功能安全性对其正常运行产生的影响,提出了验证可变速电梯变速功能安全性的检验内容与检验方法。试验采用了普通累积法作为测量数据的处理方法,完成了对称重系统的误差评定。试验证明,该检验方法可以有效地反映可变速电梯变速功能的安全状态。     

不同碳源及光照对小球藻生长和产油脂的影响

考察了3种碳源(葡萄糖、NaHCO3和乙酸钠)在不同初始质量浓度和光照条件下对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长和产油脂的影响。采用OD680和生物量来评价小球藻的生长情况;以溶剂浸提法提取生物油脂,并以油脂质量分数和油脂产量来描述产油脂特性。结果表明,经过9 d的培养,3种碳源中葡萄糖是最佳有机碳源。由其培养的小球藻生长速率最快,由NaHCO3培养的小球藻的生长效果不如葡萄糖,而乙酸钠不利于小球藻的生长。随着光照的增强,小球藻光合效率提高,生物量逐渐提高,5 000 lx最利于小球藻的生长,而1 600 lx最利于小球藻油脂的积累。研究表明,光照5 000 lx下,初始质量浓度为15 g/L的葡萄糖作为碳源是小球藻适宜的生长和产油条件,获得了3.17 g/L的最大生物量和1.025 g/L的最大油脂产量。     

排烟风量变化对隧道集中排烟效率的影响

隧道集中排烟系统的排烟风量是影响火灾烟气抽排效果的关键参数.量化评价烟气抽排效果有利于排烟风机的优化选型.基于FDS的火灾燃烧过程的化学反应式得到隧道火灾烟气的质量生产速率,提出了排烟效率和排烟效能两个表征集中排烟系统烟控能力的计算公式.用基于大涡模拟的FDS软件对隧道火灾烟气进行数值模拟计算.对比研究表明,随着排烟风量的增大,机械排烟效率增大,机械排烟效能反而降低.风机排烟风量增大使多个排烟阀处发生吸穿现象,但风流短路并未降低整个排烟系统的排烟效率.根据研究结果给出了合理的风机排烟风量设计区间,确定三阳路道路隧道集中排烟系统的最佳排烟风量为170 m3/s,对应的排烟效率为96.3％.     

水分散封闭异氰酸酯研究进展

封闭异氰酸酯由于亲水性较差难以分散于水中,通过亲水改性可以使其具有优异的水分散性,但是较高的解封温度及成本使其难以投入实际应用.对水分散封闭异氰酸酯的研究进展进行综述,并对其应用进行了说明,从实际出发对水分散封闭异氰酸酯的发展趋势做出展望.     

新型多功能森林消防人员睡袋的研究

针对目前我国在森林草原防火工作中,森林消防人员在森林火灾扑救中携行装备落后、繁重的状况,为保护扑火队员免受寒冻之苦,减轻单兵负荷,提高扑火效率,根据我国森林消防工作特点和实际需要,研制出了森林消防多功能睡袋,该实用新型睡袋具有多种功能、多种用途,可用作单人睡袋、背包、担架和吊床。设计合理,使用方便、快捷,质量轻,便于携带,可折叠成背包,是适合于森林消防人员使用的野外装备用具。     

高层学生公寓防火体系构建

归纳总结学生高层公寓火灾伤亡事故致因因素,利用事故树分析法对其进行定性分析,得出最小径集,找出控制事故发生的途径,并利用“瑟利模型”建立防火体系,得到此类火灾事故防控措施,即一要通过培训和教育的手段,提高人感觉火灾危险的敏感性,使人处于安全状态并能够迅速、敏捷、正确地做出行为响应;二要保证物处于安全状态,确保电气设备、建筑物本质处于安全状态,并使建筑物能发挥性能化灭火作用,能在一定程度上控制火势,为疏散争取时间.本文能为高校高层学生公寓预防和控制火灾伤亡事故工作提供一定的借鉴作用.     

系统安全态势的马尔科夫预测模型建立及应用

基于马尔科夫链预测理论,分析研究了系统安全态势的定性与定量预测问题,建立了系统安全态势预测模型.定性预测侧重安全态势的升、降趋势分析,定量预测以系统万人死亡率为依据,划分四个安全状态,从而实现系统安全状态定量预测.定性与定量预测相互检验、相互补充.实例研究表明,马尔科夫定性与定量相结合的预测模型结构简单,计算方便,符合系统安全态势预测特征要求,是系统安全宏观管理的重要参考依据之一.