玉米浸泡液制备苏云金杆菌生物杀虫剂的影响因素研究

以玉米淀粉生产过程中的浸泡液为培养基,摇瓶发酵培养苏云金杆菌生物杀虫剂,通过一系列单因子试验,考察了不同培养条件(种子液的种龄、接种量、浸泡液的含固率、初始pH值、摇床转速、发酵温度及发酵时间)对苏云金杆菌在玉米浸泡液中的生长(菌数增长与芽孢形成)以及发酵液的生物毒效的影响.研究表明,在最佳摇瓶培养条件(种子液种龄10 h,接种量2%,浸泡液含固量3%,初始pH值7.0～7.5,摇床转速200 r/min,发酵温度30℃)下发酵48 h,活菌数和活芽孢数分别可达到7.9×108 CFU/mL和5.5×108 CFU/mL,毒力效价为698.0 IU/μL.本试验可为生物农药的工业化生产提供实用参数.     

静电布袋复合式除尘器及其应用

介绍了静电布袋复合式除尘器的结构、材料及除尘原理;布袋除尘器在不同工况下的除尘效率、附加脱硫率、阻力和排放浓度等参数的测试结果;利用布袋除尘器改造静电除尘器时的改造方案、运行中应注意的问题.     

啤酒废水处理站的工程设计

本项目以哈尔滨啤酒(沈阳)有限公司啤酒厂为设计对象,其啤酒废水处理规模为1500m3/d,进水CODCr2000~2800mg/L。采用预处理-预酸化-IC反应器-活性污泥法-过滤为主体工艺,出水达到《辽宁省污水与废气排放标准》(DB21-60-89中一级标准)。为啤酒行业废水综合治理提供了较好的工艺途径。     

北京市铁路站场大气颗粒物的特征与来源分析

利用扫描电镜-X射线能谱(SEM-EDX)技术对北京市铁路站场采集的颗粒物的形貌和化学组分进行分析,并利用富集因子法及元素相关性对颗粒物中的各元素来源进行判别。研究结果表明,铁路站场所采集的主要是2μm以下的球形或椭球形富含S、Br、Zn元素的颗粒,富集因子及元素相关性分析显示,该颗粒物主要来源于铁路机车燃油排放。因此,确定颗粒物的排放源并以此进行控制,对于改善北京铁路站场周围的大气环境具有重要意义。     

UniTank工艺流程中磷酸盐浓度的非稳态特征

利用ASM2D数学模型对上海石洞口污水厂UniTank工艺流程中磷酸盐浓度进行了仿真研究,发现该流程中磷酸盐浓度具有非稳态特征.增加反应器的曝气强度,会增加UniTank流程边池的硝态氮浓度,弱化边池的厌氧释磷,相应增加出水中磷酸盐含量.     

汶川8．0级地震后中江县水库震害调查与分析

汶川8.0级地震对四川省水库造成了严重的震害和巨大的经济损失.依据德阳市水库地震灾害的现场科学考察资料,对德阳市中江县19座高危险情以上的水库土石坝的震损现象做了初步总结和分析.这些震损水库基本上都建于1950-1980年代,未经抗震设计,典型震害现象包括水库坝顶中部及坝轴线两侧纵向裂缝、坝体纵横向裂缝、大坝沉陷、坝坡滑坡和护坡滑动、坝脚渗漏、水库泄水构筑物震损、防浪墙震裂等震害现象.这说明了对中小型水库土石坝进行抗震设防的必要性,今后应深入研究中小型水库土石坝的震害机制,以指导水库土石坝的抗震设计.     

铁盐-高岭土-PAC联用去除铜绿微囊藻的研究

以聚合氯化铝(PAC)为絮凝剂,高岭土和铁盐(FeCl3)为助凝剂,研究去除水中铜绿微囊藻的适宜条件.结果表明,高岭上作前助凝剂、氯化铁作后助凝剂时,可显著提高PAC去除铜绿微囊藻的效果.PAC投加前将高岭土混匀在原水中,在絮凝阶段投加氯化铁后絮凝体体积增大,沉降速度明显加快.实验室条件下,氰化铁宜在絮凝开始后第3 min投加,适宜投加量为1 ms/L.研究表明,氯化铁作后助凝可使叶绿告素a的去除率达94.07%.而且去除效果受水体PH值的影响变小.     

Molecular sex identification of sable and stone marten

Sable (Martes zibellina) and stone marten (Martes foina) populations are declining sharply and both species are threatened in China. Knowing the sex ratio of a population is important for long-term conservation and development of management plans for endangered marten species. We here describe the application of a novel PCR-RFLP method for sex determination in these two marten species. We developed a new designed primer pair (ZFLB1 and ZFLB2) that yields a smaller ZFX/ZFY PCR product (246 bp), which in combination with RFLP analysis, provides a simple and reliable method for gender determination in Martes zibellina and Martes foina. The method can be used on tissue and non-invasively collected hair samples for sex identification in wild marten populations, and is powerful for monitoring population status and trend of endangered martens.     

Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (HCH and DDT) in sediments collected from East China Sea

Sediments used in this study were collected from different depths of eight sites in East China Sea in November 2002. The levels and distribution patterns of the selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs=p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-HCH) in samples were investigated by the technique of sonication extraction followed by the analysis of gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a micro-electron capture detector (muECD). The concentrations of SigmaHCH and SigmaDDT in the surface sediments were in the range of <0.05-1.45 ng/g (mean 0.76 ng/g), <0.06-6.04 ng/g (mean 3.05 ng/g) based on dry weight (dw), respectively. In the vertical distributions, the SigmaHCH and SigmaDDT were in the range of <0.05-2.52 ng/g, <0.06-10.94 ng/g dw, respectively. Residues of OCPs varied significantly with different sampling sites. SigmaDDT in the surface sediments was correlated well with total organic carbon (TOC) content (r2=0.71), while SigmaHCH showed no obvious correlation. The distribution showed that the sediments from the vicinity estuary or near shore had higher TOC contents, and higher OCPs concentrations. The contamination record indicated an extensive use of OCPs in the catchments from Yangtze River in the past might greatly affect the OCP residues.     

E-waste recycling induced polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans pollution in the ambient environment

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been determined in 30 samples, including soil, biota and plant collected from an electronic waste recycling site and its vicinage towns. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) were also simultaneously analyzed in 20 samples. PBDEs were detected in all soil samples and the highest was up to 789 ng/g dry weight (dw). The toxic equivalency (TEQ) of PCBs and PCDD/Fs detected in E-waste recycling site is significant higher than those in the vicinage samples. Biota and plant were also contaminated with high level of PBDEs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in this area. High levels of the three kinds of organic compounds in the environmental samples showed that the E-waste recycling have induced serious environmental problems.