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981.
高氮城市生活垃圾渗滤液短程生物脱氮 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
采用"两级UASB-缺氧-好氧系统"处理高COD与高NH4 -N的城市生活垃圾渗滤液.180天的试验结果表明:UASB1(一级UASB)与UASB2(二级UASB)最大COD去除速率分别为12.5、8.5 kg·m-3·d-1,UASB1的NOx--N的最大去除速率为3.0 kg·m-3·d-1.系统COD去除率为80%~92%,出水COD为800~1500 mg·L-1.原渗滤液的NH 4-N为1100~2000 mg·L-1,A/O工艺的最大NH4 -N去除速率为0.68kg·m-3·d-1;在17~30℃,通过NO-2-N累积率为90%~99%的短程硝化,NH4 -N的去除率在99%左右,出水NH4 -N小于15 mg·L-1.回流处理水和二沉池回流污泥中的NOx--N分别在UASB1和A/O工艺的缺氧段实现完全反硝化,使系统无机氮TIN去除率达80%~92%.同时高效的反硝化为硝化提供了充足的碱度,使A/O工艺pH大于8.5,维持较高的游离氨浓度,结果表明,高游离氨(FA)是导致短程硝化的主要因素.以pH作为控制参数调控A/O工艺的曝气时间,可以有效的抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的增长,实现种群优化和稳定的短程硝化. 相似文献
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九龙江口水体中有机氯农药分布特征及归宿 总被引:39,自引:5,他引:39
1999-06,对九龙江口15个站位的表层水,13个站位的间隙水进行了18种有机氯农药的测定结果表明,有机氯农药总含量在表层水中的浓度范围为51.3~2479nng/L在间隙水中的浓度范围是266~33355ng/L.对不同有机氯的含量在各站位的分布特征进行了探讨,发现Methoxychlor(甲氧滴涕),Endosulfan Sulfate(硫酸硫丹),Endrinaldehyde(乙醛异狄氏剂)以及Endosulfan II(硫丹),Dieldrin(狄氏剂),Deta-HCH和Beta-HCH 7种有机氯农药在18种有机氯农药中都占主要部分;九龙江口的六六六的含量顺序:β>δ>α>γ;对于滴滴涕,表层水中的含量:DDE>>DDD>DDT;间隙水中的含量:DDE>>DDT>DDD,二者DDE的含量都在总DDTs的50%以上,说明环境中的DDTs主要降解为DDE;九龙江口有机氯农药随着盐度梯度,在河口中呈去除趋势;且间隙水中有机氯农药比表层水中的浓度高,说明其倾向于吸附在沉积物颗粒上,其浓度差使得有机污染物可能通过再悬浮等过程从底层向上层迁移.九龙江口的有机氯农药污染与其他港湾相比,污染水平相当,部分站位水质有机氯农药(HCHs和DDTs)超过国家一类水质的标准. 相似文献
986.
Fang Fang Yan Yang Jinsong Guo Hong Zhou Chuan Fu Zhe Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(3):426-434
Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the fluorescent properties of soil dissolved organic matter
(DOM) in the water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ) of Kai County, Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Most of the soil DOM analyzed
in this study was found to contain four fluorescence peaks. Peaks A and C represent humic-like fluorescence, whereas peaks
B and D represent tryptophan-like fluorescence. Peaks E and F, which represent tyrosine-like fluorescence, only appeared in
certain soils. Soil humus was the main source of DOM in soil, and higher concentration of soil DOM was found in the exposed
soil than submerged soil. Compared to the peaks A and B, the fluorescence intensities of peaks C and D were strongly influenced
by the fluctuating water level. Analysis of fluorescence intensities of different peaks in soil DOM showed that WLFZ soil
was not contaminated significantly. Soil DOM contained at least two types of humic-like fluorescence groups and two types
of protein-like fluorescence groups. The proportion of the content of peak A in soil organic matter was quite stable. The
soil DOM in exposed soil had relatively high humification and aromaticity, and periodic submerging and exposure of soil had
an impact on the humification of soil DOM. 相似文献
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Awoke Guadie Siqing Xi Wei Jiang Lijie Zhou Zhiqiang Zhang Slawomir W. Hermanowicz Xiaoyin Xu Shuang Shen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(4):765-774
The feasibility of struvite recovery at low (12.5 mg/L) and high (120 mg[L) phosphorus concentrations was studied by constructing a novel fluidized bed reactor with cones (FBRwc) and without cones (FBRwoc). The crystallization process was continuously operated for 133 days under different hydraulic retention times (HRT = 1-10 hr), pH (7.5-10), and molar ratios of Mg/P (0.75-1.75), N/P (1-10) and Ca/Mg (0-2). The optimum operating conditions of HRT, pH, Mg/P and N/P molar ratios were found to be 2 hr, 9, 1.25, and 7.5, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the phosphorus precipitation efficiencies of FBRwc were 93% for low and 98% for high phosphorus influent; however, the efficiencies were 78% and 81% for FBRwoc, respectively. Due to crystal losses at each junction (17%-31%), the crystal recovery efficiency of FBRwoc was relatively low (47%-65%) for both influent concentrations. However, the losses were minimal in FBRwc, which showed 75% and 92% crystal recovery for low and high phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At low calcium concentration, crystal chemical analysis showed the product to be pure struvite (〉 99%). The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction results further confirmed that the crystal recovered from FBRwc contained pure struvite, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer. Except HRT, all parameters (pH, Mg/P, N/P and Ca/Mg) were found to be influencing factors for FBRwc performance. Overall, inserting cones in each part of the reactor played a significant role in enhancing struvite recovery from a wide range of phosphorus-containing wastewater. 相似文献