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The Norwegian spring spawning (NSS) herring is an ecologically important fish stock in the Norwegian Sea, and with a catch volume exceeding one million tons a year it is also economically important and a valuable food source. In order to provide a baseline of the levels of contaminants in this fish stock, the levels of organohalogen compounds were determined in 800 individual herring sampled at 29 positions in the Norwegian Sea and off the coast of Norway. Due to seasonal migration, the herring were sampled where they were located during the different seasons. Concentrations of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs, non-dioxin-like PCBs (PCB7) and PBDEs were determined in fillet samples of individual herring, and found to be relatively low, with means (min-max) of 0.77 (0.24-3.5) ng TEQ kg−1 wet weight (ww), 5.0 (1.4-24) μg kg−1 ww and 0.47 (0.091-3.1) μg kg−1 ww, respectively. The concentrations varied throughout the year due to the feeding- and spawning cycle: Starved, pre-spawning herring caught off the Norwegian coast in January-February had the highest levels and those caught in the Norwegian Sea in April-June, after further starvation and spawning, had the lowest levels. These results show that the concentrations of organohalogen compounds in NSS herring are relatively low and closely tied to their physiological condition, and that in the future regular monitoring of NSS herring should be made in the spawning areas off the Norwegian coast in late winter. 相似文献
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Lilian Marchand Celestino-Quintela Sabaris Dominic Desjardins Nadège Oustrière Eric Pesme Damien Butin Gaetan Wicart Michel Mench 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(4):3120-3135
Medicago sativa was cultivated at a former harbor facility near Bordeaux (France) to phytomanage a soil contaminated by trace elements (TE) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In parallel, a biotest with Phaseolus vulgaris was carried out on potted soils from 18 sub-sites to assess their phytotoxicity. Total soil TE and PAH concentrations, TE concentrations in the soil pore water, the foliar ionome of M. sativa (at the end of the first growth season) and of Populus nigra growing in situ, the root and shoot biomass and the foliar ionome of P. vulgaris were determined. Despite high total soil TE, soluble TE concentrations were generally low, mainly due to alkaline soil pH (7.8–8.6). Shoot dry weight (DW) yield and foliar ionome of P. vulgaris did not reflect the soil contamination, but its root DW yield decreased at highest soil TE and/or PAH concentrations. Foliar ionomes of M. sativa and P. nigra growing in situ were generally similar to the ones at uncontaminated sites. M. sativa contributed to bioavailable TE stripping by shoot removal (in g ha?1 harvest?1): As 0.9, Cd 0.3, Cr 0.4, Cu 16.1, Ni 2.6, Pb 4, and Zn 134. After 1 year, 72 plant species were identified in the plant community across three subsets: (I) plant community developed on bare soil sowed with M. sativa; (II) plant community developed in unharvested plots dominated by grasses; and (III) plant community developed on unsowed bare soil. The shoot DW yield (in mg ha?1 harvest?1) varied from 1.1 (subset I) to 6.9 (subset II). For subset III, the specific richness was the lowest in plots with the highest phytotoxicity for P. vulgaris. 相似文献
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长江口口门区潮下带水域鱼类群落组成的季节变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据2006~2007年对长江口口门区潮下带鱼类的监测数据,分析了该水域鱼类群落组成的季节变化特征。结果表明:本次调查采获鱼类42种,隶属21科。生态类群以海洋鱼类种类最多(27种),其次为河口定居种(10种),而淡水鱼类、溯河产卵洄游鱼类和降海产卵洄游鱼类种类数很低。S1站点和S2站点类似,均以棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)、龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)为优势种。两站点鱼类群落在空间上无显著差异,而时间上均有明显的季节变化,冬季和初春的样品聚为一组(Ⅰ组),夏、秋季的样品聚为一组(Ⅱ组)。通过SIMPER分析可知,两组间的平均相异性较高,达7303,共有17种鱼类对组间的贡献超过90%,如日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)、棘头梅童鱼、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、刀鲚、焦氏舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)、龙头鱼等。 相似文献
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A. Tahar J. M. Choubert C. Miège M. Esperanza K. Le Menach H. Budzinski C. Wisniewski M. Coquery 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(8):5660-5668
Xenobiotics such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals are an increasingly large problem in aquatic environments. A fixed-bed adsorption filter, used as tertiary stage of sewage treatment, could be a solution to decrease xenobiotics concentrations in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluent. The adsorption efficiency of two mineral adsorbent materials (expanded clay (EC) and zeolite (ZE)), both seen as a possible alternative to activated carbon (AC), was evaluated in batch tests. Experiments involving secondary treated domestic wastewater spiked with a cocktail of ten xenobiotics (eight pharmaceuticals and two pesticides) known to be poorly eliminated in conventional biological process were carried out. Removal efficiencies and partitions coefficients were calculated for two levels of initial xenobiotic concentration, i.e, concentrations lower to 10 μg/L and concentrations ranged from 100 to 1,000 μg/L. While AC was the most efficient adsorbent material, both alternative adsorbent materials showed good adsorption efficiencies for all ten xenobiotics (from 50 to 100 % depending on the xenobiotic/adsorbent material pair). For all the targeted xenobiotics, at lower concentrations, EC presented the best adsorption potential with higher partition coefficients, confirming the results in terms of removal efficiencies. Nevertheless, Zeolite presents virtually the same adsorption potential for both high and low xenobiotics concentrations to be treated. According to this first batch investigation, ZE and EC could be used as alternative absorbent materials to AC in WWTP. 相似文献
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