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排序方式: 共有181条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
Robert B. Kehew Mthobeli Kolisa Christopher Rollo Alejandro Callejas Gotelind Alber Liana Ricci 《Local Environment》2013,18(6):723-737
Faced with the prospects of a changing climate, a small but increasing number of countries are developing legal and regulatory frameworks that explicitly address climate change. Moreover at least some of these laws and policies carve out substantial roles for local governments. The present paper surveys three countries from different regions in the Global South that have developed or are developing such laws and policies: the Philippines (Asia-Pacific), Mexico and more specifically its State of Chiapas (Latin America), and South Africa (Africa). It examines those experiences through two different lenses. The paper first reviews the steps by which those laws or policies were developed. For this review, criteria for effective consultative processes are proposed. The study then examines the three climate change laws or policies per se. To this end, a framework including four modes of multi-level urban climate governance (governing by regulation, governing through enabling, governing by provision, governing with representation and consultation) is utilised. The paper ends with synthetic conclusions as to which experiences represent promising practices, and what other lessons are relevant for countries embarking on such processes. 相似文献
82.
Nolasco Maria E. Lemos Viviane A. S. López Gina Soares Sandra A. Feitosa Johnny P. M. Araújo Bruno S. Ayala Alejandro P. de Azevedo Marleane M. F. Santos Francisco E. P. Cavalcante Rivelino M. 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(7):2862-2874
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The aim of the present study was to perform morphological and chemical characterizations of microplastics (MPs) found in seawater samples from the coast of... 相似文献
83.
The use of column experiments, usually performed to better approximate field conditions, may provide information that is not available from batch experiments. In such experiments heavy metals are often adsorbed until saturation followed by desorption experiments. When the affinity of the metal to soil is high, the retention factor (R) could be greater than thousands and the duration of experiments can become impractically long. In order to use reasonable laboratory time, the flow rate should be increased or the column size decreased. The increase in flow rate produces undesirable kinetic and dispersion effects, so we used very small soil columns (pore volume = 0.31–0.70 ml) and relatively high flow rates (0.03–0.12 ml min−1) in studies of Zn(II) adsorption and retention in soils. Conservative tracer flow column experiments under saturation conditions were carried out to determine flow parameters for different flow rates. Column pore volume (Vp), Peclet numbers (Pe) and longitudinal dispersion coefficients (DL) were determined from breakthrough curves. The effect of type of electrolyte and ionic strength on the Zn(II) retention onto soil was determined. The influence of flow rate and bed height on the retention coefficient and on the mass transfer zone was also studied. The effect of different influent Zn(II) concentrations on the R values obtained was analyzed. Freundlich parameters from column experiments were compared with batch ones. The leaching efficiency of different electrolytes, salts of weak organic acids and EDTA was also studied. 相似文献
84.
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86.
San Martin David Orive Mikel Martínez Ekaitz Iñarra Bruno Ramos Saioa González Nagore Guinea de Salas Alejandro Vázquez Luis Alberto Zufía Jaime 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):15716-15730
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Approximately 33% of food produced around the world is wasted. In the distribution sector, erroneous orders or demand predictions result in products... 相似文献
87.
dos Santos Costa Rafaela Quadra Gabrielle Rabelo de Oliveira Souza Helena do Amaral Viviane Souza Navoni Julio Alejandro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(31):41638-41650
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyanobacteria are important for ecosystem functioning, but eutrophication may affect the surrounding biome by losing ecosystem services and/or through... 相似文献
88.
Espinosa-Barrera Paula Andrea Delgado-Vargas Carlos Andrés Martínez-Pachón Diana Moncayo-Lasso Alejandro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23984-23994
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This work deals with the theoretical approach of biodegradability, lipophilicity, and physiological activity of VAL and four degradation products... 相似文献
89.
Christofer Troedsson Jean-Marie Bouquet Carla M. Lobon Aliona Novac Jens C. Nejstgaard Sam Dupont Suncica Bosak Hans H. Jakobsen Nadezda Romanova Lene M. Pankoke Alejandro Isla Jörg Dutz Andrey F. Sazhin Eric M. Thompson 《Marine Biology》2013,160(8):2175-2187
Increasing pCO2 is hypothesized to induce shifts in plankton communities toward smaller cells, reduced carbon export rates and increased roles of gelatinous zooplankton. Appendicularians, among the most numerous pan-global “gelatinous” zooplankton, continuously produce filter-feeding houses, shortcutting marine food webs by ingesting submicron particles, and their discarded houses contribute significantly to carbon fluxes. We present a first mesocosm-scale study on the effects of temperature, pCO2 and bloom structures on the appendicularian, Oikopleura dioica. There were effects of temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton communities. No shifts in functional phytoplankton groups, nor changes in particle sizes/morphotypes, known to impact appendicularian feeding, were observed under manipulated pCO2 conditions. However, appendicularian abundance was positively correlated with increased pCO2, temperature and nutrient levels, consistent with hypotheses concerning gelatinous zooplankton in future oceans. This suggests appendicularians will play more important roles in marine pelagic communities and vertical carbon transport under projected ocean acidification and elevated temperature scenarios. 相似文献
90.
Katrina M. Schrode Jessica L. Ward Alejandro Vélez Mark A. Bee 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(12):1595-1606
Female frogs discriminate among potential mates based on individual variation in male advertisement calls. While considerable data have accumulated allowing comparisons of female preference functions among species, we still lack fundamental knowledge about how and why the shapes of preference functions for particular call properties vary among populations within all but a few species. Here, we report results from a study aimed at describing female preference functions for spectral call properties in Cope's gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis). Widespread throughout the eastern half of North America, Cope's gray treefrog is the diploid member of the cryptic diploid–tetraploid Hyla versicolor species complex, and its populations are divided into two distinct genetic lineages (eastern and western). In this study of a western lineage population, we recorded and analyzed the spectral properties of 1,000 advertisement calls from 50 males and conducted two-stimulus phonotaxis experiments to estimate a population-level preference function. Females preferred calls with average frequencies over calls with frequencies that were 2 or 3 semitones (1.4 or 2.1 standard deviations, respectively) lower than the population mean. We observed no behavioral discrimination between calls with average and higher-than-average frequencies. Preferences discriminating against low-frequency calls were weak and were abolished by attenuating the preferred average call by 3?dB. We discuss these results in light of previous studies of eastern lineage populations, geographic variation in female preference functions, and the potential adaptive value of discriminating against calls with low frequencies. 相似文献