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581.
Philippe Bayen Fidèle Bognounou Anne Mette Lykke Makido Ouédraogo Adjima Thiombiano 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2016,18(1):143-156
The topic of carbon sequestration in plants has received much attention recently due to concerns about global climate change, which is being exacerbated by deforestation. In the early days of the global bioenergy boom, the private sector and non-government organizations enthusiastically promoted the planting of Jatropha curcas L. as a key candidate shrub species for the production of bioenergy in West Africa. This study investigates the aboveground biomass production and carbon sequestration potential of J. curcas, which is already widely cultivated for the production of oil seeds, biodiesel and biokerosene. The specific objective is to use a destructive method to develop allometric prediction equations of the aboveground biomass production of J. curcas plantations. 38 J. curcas shrubs were harvested and weighed in order to estimate biomass production. These data were used to develop allometric equations for the estimation of wood, leaf and total aboveground biomass production. The best-fit models found for estimating shrub component biomass and total aboveground biomass production were of the power form. All of the regression equations relating the prediction of leaf biomass, wood biomass and total aboveground biomass with J. curcas diameter at 20 cm above the ground (D) were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and also presented the highest goodness of fit (high R 2). The aboveground biomass carbon content was estimated using the ash method. Carbon content in leaves and wood was, respectively, 48 and 54 %. The current established allometric equations can be helpful to provide a rapid estimation of the aboveground biomass and C stock for J. curcas biofuel projects in semi-arid conditions. 相似文献
582.
Anne Bayer Robert Asner Walter Schüssler Willi Kopf Klaus Weiß Manfred Sengl Marion Letzel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(18):10830-10839
Pharmaceuticals and other anthropogenic trace contaminants reach wastewaters and are often not satisfactorily eliminated in sewage treatment plants. These contaminants and/or their degradation products may reach surface waters, thus influencing aquatic life. In this study, the behavior of five different antihypertonic pharmaceuticals from the sartan group (candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, olmesartan and valsartan) is investigated in lab-scale sewage plants. The elimination of the substances with related structures varied broadly from 17 % for olmesartan up to 96 % for valsartan. Monitoring data for these drugs in wastewater effluents of six different sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Bavaria, and at eight rivers, showed median concentrations for, e.g. valsartan of 1.1 and 0.13 μg L?1, respectively. Predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) were calculated and are mostly consistent with the measured environmental concentrations (MEC). The selected sartans and the mixture of the five sartans showed no ecotoxic effects on aquatic organisms in relevant concentrations. Nevertheless, the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment should be reduced to minimize the risk of their distribution in surface waters, ground waters and bank filtrates used for drinking water. 相似文献
583.
Environmental information sharing: a means to support the legitimization of oyster farmers’ stewardship over water quality management in NSW,Australia 下载免费PDF全文
Nicolas Paget Katherine Anne Daniell Ana Rubio Zuazo Olivier Barreteau 《Natural resources forum》2016,40(1-2):21-36
Oyster farmers depend on good water quality. Activities upstream from estuaries result in externalities that impact water quality. Over the last 10 years, oyster farmers have been developing estuary‐wide environmental management systems ( EMSs ) to tackle internal (i.e. industry‐related) and external (i.e. catchment) issues in N ew S outh W ales, A ustralia. Drawing on interview‐based research and document analyses, this paper shows that the process of creating an EMS for the oyster industry, as well as the creation of the EMS itself, resulted in legitimizing the industry's stewardship over the natural resource it depends on (water). For the oyster industry, this result was due to a change in the scale on which EMSs have been developed: instead of viewing issues at the individual business level, the systems expanded their viewpoint to the entire catchment, and included every oyster business in the estuary, as well as all other activities in the upper catchment. By providing a means of communicating internal efforts and with the support of local government bodies, EMSs provided a mechanism with which influence over upstream actors and activities could be exerted. We demonstrate this by using the ‘social‐ecological systems’ and ‘ ENCORE ’ frameworks, emphasizing the transitions that allowed for this change of scale to take place. 相似文献
584.
De-Gao Wang Helena SteerTara Tait Zackery WilliamsGrazina Pacepavicius Teresa YoungTimothy Ng Shirley Anne SmythLaura Kinsman Mehran Alaee 《Chemosphere》2013
A comprehensive surveillance program was conducted to determine the occurrence of three cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in environmental compartments impacted by wastewater effluent discharges. Eleven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), representative of those found in Southern Ontario and Southern Quebec, Canada, were investigated to determine levels of cVMS in their influents and effluents. In addition, receiving water and sediment impacted by WWTP effluents, and biosolid-amended soil from agricultural fields were also analyzed for a preliminary evaluation of the environmental exposure of cVMS in media impacted by wastewater effluent and solids. A newly-developed large volume injection (septumless head adapter and cooled injection system) gas chromatography – mass spectrometry method was used to avoid contamination originating from instrumental analysis. Concentrations of D4, D5, and D6 in influents to the 11 WWTPs were in the range 0.282–6.69 μg L−1, 7.75–135 μg L−1, and 1.53–26.9 μg L−1, respectively. In general, wastewater treatment showed cVMS removal rates of greater than 92%, regardless of treatment type. The D4, D5, and D6 concentration ranges in effluent were <0.009–0.045 μg L−1, <0.027–1.56 μg L−1, and <0.022–0.093 μg L−1, respectively. The concentrations in receiving water influenced by effluent, were lower compared to those in effluent in most cases, with the ranges <0.009–0.023 μg L−1, <0.027–1.48 μg L−1, and <0.022–0.151 μg L−1 for D4, D5, and D6, respectively. Sediment concentrations ranged from <0.003–0.049 μg g−1 dw, 0.011–5.84 μg g−1 dw, and 0.004–0.371 μg g−1 dw for D4, D5, and D6, respectively. The concentrations in biosolid-amended soil, having values of <0.008–0.017 μg g−1 dw, <0.007–0.221 μg g−1 dw, and <0.009–0.711 μg g−1 dw for D4, D5, and D6, respectively, were lower than those in sediment impacted by wastewater effluent in most cases. In comparison with the no-observed-effected concentrations (NOEC) and IC50 (concentration that causes 50% inhibition of the response) values, the potential risks to aquatic, sediment-dwelling, and terrestrial organisms from these reported concentrations are low. 相似文献
585.
Geoffrey Marchal Kilian E.C. Smith Arno Rein Anne Winding Stefan Trapp Ulrich G. Karlson 《Chemosphere》2013,90(6):1767-1778
Carbonaceous soil amendments are applied to contaminated soils and sediments to strongly sorb hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) and reduce their freely dissolved concentrations. This limits biouptake and toxicity, but also biodegradation. To investigate whether HOCs sorbed to such amendments can be degraded at all, the desorption and biodegradation of low concentrations of 14C-labelled phenanthrene (?5 μg L?1) freshly sorbed to suspensions of the pure soil amendments activated carbon (AC), biochar (charcoal) and compost were compared. Firstly, the maximum abiotic desorption of phenanthrene from soil amendment suspensions in water, minimal salts medium (MSM) or tryptic soy broth (TSB) into a dominating silicone sink were measured. Highest fractions remained sorbed to AC (84 ± 2.3%, 87 ± 4.1%, and 53 ± 1.2% for water, MSM and TSB, respectively), followed by charcoal (35 ± 2.2%, 32 ± 1.7%, and 12 ± 0.3%, respectively) and compost (1.3 ± 0.21%, similar for all media). Secondly, the mineralization of phenanthrene sorbed to AC, charcoal and compost by Sphingomonas sp. 10-1 (DSM 12247) was determined. In contrast to the amounts desorbed, phenanthrene mineralization was similar for all the soil amendments at about 56 ± 11% of the initially applied radioactivity. Furthermore, HPLC analyses showed only minor amounts (<5%) of residual phenanthrene remaining in the suspensions, indicating almost complete biodegradation. Fitting the data to a coupled desorption and biodegradation model revealed that desorption did not limit biodegradation for any of the amendments, and that degradation could proceed due to the high numbers of bacteria and/or the production of biosurfactants or biofilms. Therefore, reduced desorption of phenanthrene from AC or charcoal did not inhibit its biodegradation, which implies that under the experimental conditions these amendments can reduce freely dissolved concentration without hindering biodegradation. In contrast, phenanthrene sorbed to compost was fully desorbed and biodegraded. 相似文献
586.
Buck Louis GM Sundaram R Schisterman EF Sweeney AM Lynch CD Gore-Langton RE Chen Z Kim S Caldwell KL Barr DB 《Chemosphere》2012,87(11):1201-1207
The effect of heavy metals at environmentally relevant concentrations on couple fecundity has received limited study despite ubiquitous exposure. In 2005-2009, couples (n = 501) desiring pregnancy and discontinuing contraception were recruited and asked to complete interviews and to provide blood specimens for the quantification of cadmium (μg L−1), lead (μg dL−1) and mercury (μg L−1) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Couples completed daily journals on lifestyle and intercourse along with menstruation and pregnancy testing for women. Couples were followed for 12 months or until pregnant. Fecundability odds ratios (FORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated adjusting for age, body mass index, cotinine, and serum lipids in relation to female then male exposures. FORs <1 denote a longer time to pregnancy. In adjusted models, reduced FORs were observed for both female cadmium (0.78; 95% CI 0.63-0.97) and male lead (0.85; 95% CI 0.73-0.98) concentrations. When jointly modeling couples’ exposures, only male lead concentration significantly reduced the FOR (0.82; 95% CI 0.68, 0.97), though the FOR remained <1 for female cadmium (0.80; 95% CI 0.64, 1.00). This prospective couple based cohort with longitudinal capture of time to pregnancy is suggestive of cadmium and lead’s reproductive toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations. 相似文献
587.
Anne Gammelgaard Ballantyne Erik Glaas Tina-Simone Neset Victoria Wibeck 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2018,12(5):638-652
In recent years, effort has been put into developing various forms of climate visualization to create opportunities for people to explore and learn about local climate change risks and adaptation options. However, how target audiences make sense of such climate visualization has rarely been studied from a communication perspective. This paper analyses how Nordic homeowners made sense of a specific climate visualization tool, the VisAdapt? tool. Involving 35 homeowners from three cities in 15 group test sessions, this study analyses the interpretive strategies participants applied to make sense of and assess the relevance of the visualized data. The study demonstrates that participants employed a set of interpretive strategies relating to personal experience and well-known places to make sense of the information presented, and that critical negotiation of content played an important role in how participants interpreted the content. 相似文献
588.
Estimating the population size with a behavioral response in capture-recapture experiment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yip Paul S.F. Xi Liqun Chao Anne Hwang Wen-Han 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2000,7(4):405-414
A new estimating procedure is suggested to estimate the population size in a capture-recapture experiment. The capture intensities for first-capture and recapture are allowed to be different and time dependent but they are assumed to be proportional. It is shown that the information on the proportionality constant is crucial to the estimation of the population size. Sensitivity analysis with a misspecification of the proportionality constant is conducted. The method has also been extended to the case with an unknown proportionality. A real example is given. 相似文献
589.
Occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater process streams in Dublin,Ireland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this work is to establish baseline levels of pharmaceuticals in three wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) streams
in the greater Dublin region to assess the removal efficiency of the selected WWTPs and to investigate the existence of any
seasonal variability. Twenty compounds including several classes of antibiotics, acidic and basic pharmaceuticals, and prescribed
medications were selected for investigation using a combination of membrane filtration, solid phase extraction (SPE) cleanup,
and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Fourteen of the selected compounds were found
in the samples. Increased effluent concentrations, compared to influent concentrations, for a number of compounds (carbamazepine,
clotrimazole, propranolol, nimesulide, furosemide, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, metoprolol, and gemfibrozil) were observed.
The detected concentrations were generally below toxicity levels and based on current knowledge are unlikely to pose any threat
to aquatic species. Mefenamic acid concentrations detected in both Leixlip and Swords effluents may potentially exert ecotoxicological
effects with maximum risk quotients (i.e., ratio of predicted exposure concentration to predicted no effect concentration)
of 4.04 and 1.33, respectively. 相似文献
590.
Anne D. Bjorkman Mariana Garca Criado Isla H. Myers-Smith Virve Ravolainen Ingibjrg Svala Jnsdttir Kristine Bakke Westergaard James P. Lawler Mora Aronsson Bruce Bennett Hans Gardfjell Starri Heimarsson Laerke Stewart Signe Normand 《Ambio》2020,49(3):678-692
Changes in Arctic vegetation can have important implications for trophic interactions and ecosystem functioning leading to climate feedbacks. Plot-based vegetation surveys provide detailed insight into vegetation changes at sites around the Arctic and improve our ability to predict the impacts of environmental change on tundra ecosystems. Here, we review studies of changes in plant community composition and phenology from both long-term monitoring and warming experiments in Arctic environments. We find that Arctic plant communities and species are generally sensitive to warming, but trends over a period of time are heterogeneous and complex and do not always mirror expectations based on responses to experimental manipulations. Our findings highlight the need for more geographically widespread, integrated, and comprehensive monitoring efforts that can better resolve the interacting effects of warming and other local and regional ecological factors. 相似文献