用欧氏距离系数预报舟山海域赤潮发生指数等级

通过选取1996~2007年72个赤潮发生个例为一组样本,另外选取2004年4~9月之间前后3 d之内都没有赤潮发生的92个个例为另一组样本,对赤潮发生前3 d的气压、温度、相对湿度、风速、风向、降水、日照、云量等要素及某些要素3 d的累积值、以及增温的天数、降压的天数等共30个物理量做t统计量分析,并应用欧氏距离系数进行聚类,依此来判别赤潮发生的可能性。在对2008年舟山12次赤潮进行试报中,结果令人满意。     

淡水驯化对桐花树幼苗叶片生长生理指标的影响

在全光照条件下用恒定淹水位淡水培养处理红树植物桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)幼苗1 a,以人工海水(0.8%盐水)处理为对照,研究了淡水驯化对桐花树幼苗叶片生长和叶绿素含量及硝酸还原酶活性的影响。结果表明:两种处理下桐花树幼苗叶片的生长变化基本一致,随着生长时间的延长,叶片数持续增加,经方差分析,两种处理的幼苗叶片数没有显著的差异;在2008年10月与11月期间,淡水组幼苗叶片的最大叶面积显著大于人工海水组,但两种处理在其他月份并无显著差异,且两种处理的幼苗叶片长宽比没有显著差异;在360 d,淡水组幼苗叶片的鲜重和干重分别低于人工海水组的16.79%和19.01%,但两者没有达到显著差异;两种处理幼苗叶片的总叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性的变化趋势基本一致,两种处理没有显著的差异。以上结果表明:淡水驯化对桐花树幼苗叶片的生长发育没有不利的影响,桐花树幼苗可以正常生长发育,表明桐花树对淡水环境具有较强的适应性。     

Sleepiness among night-time drivers: relationship to blood alcohol concentration and other factors

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to explore the distribution and correlates of subjective sleepiness among the general night-time driving population. METHODS: The survey took place in three British Columbia communities in June 2003 between 21:00 hours to 03:00 hours. Sites and vehicles were selected randomly. Surveyors obtained information on several demographic and situational variables including self-assessed degree of sleepiness and self-reported hours asleep and awake, as well as an objective measure of blood alcohol concentration obtained from a hand-held breath-testing device. RESULTS: The total compliance rate among intercepted drivers was 85%. Among the 2335 drivers responding to the questionnaire, 68.4% indicated that they were wide awake, 27.6% were somewhat sleepy, and 4.1% were very sleepy. Logistic regression quantified the independent contributions of the various factors to subjective sleepiness. Male drivers with positive blood alcohol concentrations under 50 mg% were more likely to report feeling sleepy than those with either higher or with zero blood alcohol concentration. Greater relative risk of sleepiness was also associated with being female, being under age 55, and advanced hour of night. Driving with passengers of the same gender was associated with lower reported sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of night-time drivers are driving while sleepy, especially at late night and early morning hours. The combination of alcohol and sleepiness compounds impairment in experimental studies and deserves greater attention in crash risk studies and as a topic for public education and awareness.     

The Effect of Protective Gloves on Manual Dexterity in the Cold Environments

This article presents a study on the effect of different protective gloves (which are commercially available and commonly used in the cold) on manual dexterity in cold environments. The experiments compared statistically four different types of gloves and two different types of gloving (outer or double) at +19 °C and -10 °C. Performance was determined both objectively and subjectively using two manual dexterity tasks: bolt-nut and pick-up tasks. The response measured was the time of performing each task. Statistical analysis showed that all independent factors such as glove type, participant, object size, and temperature had significant effects on the hand cooling reaction. A significant difference in the performance between the gloves was found in the bolt-nut task. It was also found that outer-inner combination gloving may be an approach to use for precision tasks.     

扬沸火灾发生时间预测模型的建立与应用分析

原油储罐扬沸火灾由池火灾发展而成,是一种危害性极大的事故.准确预测扬沸事故发生的时间,是扬沸机理研究中的难题之一.现有扬沸时间计算的通用模型由于没有考虑油品的粘性作用,计算结果误差较大.把扬沸火灾简化为无内热源的非稳态传热问题,在此基础上进行传热分析,进而推导出扬沸事故时间计算模型.设定了6组不同尺寸和不同充装水平的原油储罐池火灾,利用推导模型计算出了相应的扬沸事故发生时间.将计算结果与通用模型计算结果以及实验结果进行对比:该模型的准确性由于通用模型,计算结果与实验值误差较小,较为合理.研究结果对于扬沸火灾事故下消防人员的灭火救援的安全保障具有重要意义.     

某铁矿职业病预评价中危害因素的识别与分析

职业病危害因素识别与分析是职业病危害预评价的基础,识别与分析的结果直接关系到职业病危害预评价结论的合理性和科学性。以某铁矿职业病危害预评价为例,重点阐述了系统工程分析法和类比调查法在预评价中职业病危害因素识别与分析的应用。通过对原辅材料、生产工艺和设备以及类比工程进行分析,识别了某铁矿可能存在的职业病危害因素,并分析了职业病危害程度,得出来了凿岩工是白指病、噪声聋、尘肺的易感人群,球磨工和破碎工罹患尘肺病和噪声聋的概率较大,凿岩工、球磨工和破碎工是本项目重点保护对象和监护人群的结论。     

竹炭在污水处理技术中的应用综述

综述了近年来竹炭在国内外污水处理中的研究进展,重点介绍竹炭对污水中优先控制的有害酚类、苯胺类有机物及铅、铬、铜、汞等重金属离子的吸附研究,指出竹炭在污水处理方面的重要作用,提出竹炭在水处理应用上的问题。     

电催化氧化技术处理造纸废水的实验研究

通过邻苯二甲酸氢钾(KHP)溶液的电解实验研究了德国引进的金属铌掺硼金刚石膜电极(Nb/BDD)的电化学性质,并利用该电极处理装置处理了东莞某造纸厂造纸废水。考察了电解时间、电流强度及废水的pH值、电解质的浓度、电导率等参数对电化学降解效率的影响。结果表明,Nb/BDD具有优异的污水降解性能,在pH值为3.0,电流密度为37.23 mA/cm2,电压6.9 V,NaCl充当电解质质量浓度0.4 g/L的条件下,电解200 min,装置对再生纸造纸废水的COD的去除率接近70%,BOD/COD为0.4,比能耗为27.6(kW.h/kg)。     

桑枝基活性炭对重金属离子Pb(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

采用以废弃桑枝制备的活性炭吸附水中Pb(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)。考察了吸附时间、pH值、活性炭用量和Pb(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度对吸附效果的影响,对等温吸附规律和吸附动力学作了数学模拟。结果表明,活性炭对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能良好,等温吸附规律符合Langmuir模型,吸附过程可用准二级动力学模型描述。在温度25℃、活性炭用量0.01 g/100 mL、Pb(Ⅱ)溶液pH值为6且初始质量浓度20 mg/L、Cr(Ⅵ)溶液pH值为2且初始质量浓度10 mg/L、以200 r/min的速率恒温振荡120 min的条件下,Pb(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的平衡吸附量分别可达136.3 mg/g和74.32 mg/g。     

基于真三维GIS的危险化学气体泄漏扩散动态模拟仿真系统

针对传统危险化学气体泄漏扩散软件在模拟表现力方面的不足,提出将改进的随机游走大气泄漏扩散模型集成到真三维地理环境信息系统中,完成了基于真三维GIS环境下的危险化学品泄漏扩散模拟仿真系统的设计与开发.该系统能够在真三维场景中直观地展示危险化学气体的三维扩散过程,实时显示危险化学品泄漏扩散浓度分布图及事故不同程度的危害范围.同时通过与PHAST软件模拟结果对比,验证了该系统的可靠性.系统可以直观地、有效地帮助应急指挥人员组织应急救援和疏散,为企业、政府在危险化学品泄漏事故预防、预测和评估以及应急预案的制定提供参考.