桂西北明山金矿床表生带矿石中氨基酸的分布特征研究

在总结目前关于氨基酸溶金作用研究成果的基础上,对桂西北明山卡林型金矿床表生带的矿石样品进行了氨基酸的分离、定性和定量研究,结果表明,各种氨基酸的稳定性与所处的成岩成矿环境有关,因此不同环境中对成岩成矿发挥作用的氨基酸种类是不同的,所起的作用也有所差异;进行氨基酸溶金作用模拟实验时应该首先考虑氨基酸在不同成岩成矿环境中的稳定性。结合已有的氨基酸溶金作用模拟实验所得到的认识,对桂西北卡林型金矿成矿过程中氨基酸的作用进行了探讨。     

《大气污染防治法》的修订:环境管理思想的变革

2000年4月修订的《大气污染防治法》引起了环境管理思想的变革,包括:大气污染防治范围的改变,即从全面防治变为重点防治;大气污染控制方式的改变,即从浓度控制变为总量控制;大气污染超标规定的改变,即从超标不违法变为超标即违法.     

分体式膜-生物反应器在废水处理中的工艺条件

对分体式膜-生物反应器(RMBR)处理废水进行了研究.进水COD_Cr:312～584mg/L,RMBR的出水CODCr在运行4d后＜15 mg/L并稳定.向生物反应器添加0.5g/L(混合液)的粉末活性炭(PAC)后出水COD_Cr＜4.22mg/L.膜侧污水流速在0.9～1.9m/s范围内,临界膜通量随膜侧污水流速的增大而增大.添加PAC,组合添加PAC和Al₂(SO₄)₃·18 H₂O均可有效提高临界膜通量.在膜侧流速1.9m/s的条件下,临界膜通量从72L/(m²·h)分别增至76L/(m²·h)和81 L/(m²·h)在22℃～30℃范围内,每升高1℃可提高膜通量1.9%.在连续运行100d中,RMBR可在无任何物理,化学清洗的条件下运行14d而透膜压力无增大,膜通量不降低.对于已污染的膜,水清洗、水碱共间清洗、水碱酸共同清洗可分别恢复至新膜膜通量的47%、83%、94%.     

Distribution features of biological hazardous pollutants in residential environments in Korea

This research has been conducted continuously since 2009 as part of a cohort of studies examining relationships between asthma and genetic factors, dietary habits, and environmental factors. Based on data from environmental research on house dust mites and endotoxins, which are widely known as pollutants in bedding that cause asthma in pregnant women and children, this work was conducted to obtain basic data that can be used in future cohort studies that analyze links between distribution of biological hazards and physical features of residential environments. The detection rates of house dust mite allergens, Der p1 and Der f1, were 52.7 and 86.5 %, respectively, indicating that Der f1 is a dominant species in domestic indoor environments. According to comparisons between concentrations of house dust mites and endotoxins in bedding of pregnant women and children, Der p1 and endotoxins showed significantly lower concentrations in bedding of pregnant women compared with those in bedding of children, whereas Der f1 showed no significant difference in concentration according to bedding.     

The fate and risk of selected pharmaceutical and personal care products in wastewater treatment plants and a pilot-scale multistage constructed wetland system

The removal of 12 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in two full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and a tertiary treatment system was studied. The ecological risks of effluents from both secondary and tertiary treatment systems as well as excess sludge were evaluated. Primary treatment and ultraviolet light disinfection showed limited ability to remove most selected PPCPs. The combination of an anaerobic process and triple-oxidation ditches can eliminate DEET better than the anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process. Adsorption to sludge played a key role in the removal of triclocarban. Multistage constructed wetlands as a tertiary treatment efficiently removed caffeine and ibuprofen from wastewater and could decrease the risk of partial selected PPCPs. Selected PPCPs residues in excess sludge generally produced higher risks to the ecological environment than effluents from WWTPs.     

Reduction of Baltic Sea Nutrient Inputs and Allocation of Abatement Costs Within the Baltic Sea Catchment

The Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) requires tools to simulate effects and costs of various nutrient abatement strategies. Hierarchically connected databases and models of the entire catchment have been created to allow decision makers to view scenarios via the decision support system NEST. Increased intensity in agriculture in transient countries would result in increased nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea, particularly from Poland, the Baltic States, and Russia. Nutrient retentions are high, which means that the nutrient reduction goals of 135 000 tons N and 15 000 tons P, as formulated in the BSAP from 2007, correspond to a reduction in nutrient loadings to watersheds by 675 000 tons N and 158 000 tons P. A cost-minimization model was used to allocate nutrient reductions to measures and countries where the costs for reducing loads are low. The minimum annual cost to meet BSAP basin targets is estimated to 4.7 billion €.     

臭氧氧化法处理焦化废水生化出水的反应动力学简

对臭氧氧化去除焦化废水生化出水COD的反应动力学及其影响因素进行了实验研究,结果表明,在臭氧投加量为8.50 mg/min,反应温度为20℃和初始pH为10.61条件下,对COD的降解符合表观一级反应动力学模型,其相关系数R²=0.9991,表观反应速率常数k_Abs=1.01×10^-3 s^-1。该条件下,臭氧氧化对COD的降解主要来源于高活性羟基自由基的强氧化作用。在不同的臭氧投加量（4.25~12.75 mg/min）、不同的反应温度（10~40℃）和不同的初始pH（3.76~12.53）下,COD的降解也同样遵循一级反应动力学规律。随着臭氧投加量的增大,COD降解的表观反应速率常数从（0.554×10^-3） s^-1增加到（1.06×10^-3） s^-1;随着反应温度的升高,表观反应速率常数从（0.427×10^-3） s^-1增加到（1.40×10^-3） s^-1,温度越高反应速率提高的幅度却越小;在初始pH3.76~10.61范围内,表观反应速率常数从（0.218×10^-3） s^-1增加到（1.01×10^-3） s^-1,在初始pH为12.53时表观反应速率常数下降到（0.857×10^-3） s^-1。     

Manganese concentrations in maternal–infant blood and birth weight

Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral nutrient in mammals. The physiological role of Mn in animal models is well documented, but little is known about the adverse effects of Mn deficiency or overexposure in humans, including pregnancy outcomes such as birth weight. We examined the relationship of the maternal and cord blood Mn levels with birth weight in a cohort of 172 mother–infant pairs born in Shanghai, China. Non-linear spline and quadratic regression models were used to test the hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped association between the Mn levels and birth weight. The median (range) levels of Mn in the maternal and cord blood were 5.38 (2.34–30.37) μg/dL and 7.66 (2.57–34.23) μg/dL, respectively. An inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between maternal Mn and birth weight after adjusting for potential confounders. The birth weight increased with Mn levels up to 4.18 μg/dL, and a slight reduction in weight was observed at higher levels. The cord blood Mn levels were not found to be associated with birth weight. Both lower and higher Mn exposures are associated with lower birth weight, which may influence important developmental parameters; the association of higher Mn levels with lower weight was weak and imprecise.     

Influence of soil and hydrocarbon properties on the solvent extraction of high-concentration weathered petroleum from contaminated soils

Petroleum ether was used to extract petroleum hydrocarbons from soils collected from six oil fields with different history of exploratory and contamination. It was capable of fast removing 76–94 % of the total petroleum hydrocarbons including 25 alkanes (C₁₁–C₃₅) and 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils at room temperature. The partial least squares analysis indicated that the solvent extraction efficiencies were positively correlated with soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, moisture, pH, and sand content of soils, while negative effects were observed in the properties reflecting the molecular size (e.g., molecular weight and number of carbon atoms) and hydrophobicity (e.g., water solubility, octanol–water partition coefficient, soil organic carbon partition coefficient) of hydrocarbons. The high concentration of weathered crude oil at the order of 10⁵ mg kg^?1 in this study was demonstrated adverse for solvent extraction by providing an obvious nonaqueous phase liquid phase for hydrocarbon sinking and increasing the sequestration of soluble hydrocarbons in the insoluble oil fractions during weathering. A full picture of the mass distribution and transport mechanism of petroleum contaminants in soils will ultimately require a variety of studies to gain insights into the dynamic interactions between environmental indicator hydrocarbons and their host oil matrix.     

强酸型离子交换纤维富集-火焰原子吸收测定水中痕量铜、铅、镉、镍

通过强酸型离子交换纤维柱,在同一水样中同时富集和洗脱了铜、铅、镉、镍,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定,并对富集条件及洗脱条件、干扰因素进行了探讨。该方法简便易行,回收率在96.1%~105.5%之间,测定的相对标准偏差小于5.0%。