环境监测人员持证上岗理论考试命题软件设计和开发研究

密切结合环境监测人员持证上岗考核工作需要,以《环境监测人员持证上岗考核试题集》为基础题库,设计并开发了环境监测人员持证上岗理论考试命题软件,实现了申报、组卷、证书的一体化系统管理,有效地解决了由于考核对象广泛、岗位设置多样、考核项目和监测方法繁多等带来的命题工作量大、内容不易均衡等难题,克服了命题过程中的个人主观因素影...     

基于不同周期PM2.5组成高时间分辨观测的PMF源解析研究

于2017年1月1日—12月31日对南京市城区大气细粒子(PM_2.5)化学组分（元素、水溶性离子和碳质组分）的小时质量浓度进行连续观测,采用正矩阵因子分析（Positive Matrix Factorization,PMF）模型分别基于全年观测数据（PMF全年）和逐月观测数据（PMF月份）进行源解析,比较不同观测周期源解析结果的差异以及对PM_2.5各组分浓度估算的准确性.结果表明：不同观测周期下,PMF源解析结果中因子类型未发生改变,但因子组成和贡献分布存在较大差异.由于PMF模型假设同一观测周期内源成分谱不发生变化,只有基于逐月观测数据的PMF源解析才能体现全年范围内因子组成和贡献分布的变化.尽管PMF全年和PMF月份的分析结果均能准确估算PM_2.5组分的月均浓度,但PMF月份结果对各组分小时浓度的估算值和观测值在时间变化上更一致.这是因为PMF模型要求对各组分浓度的平均值进行拟合,易低估（或高估）PM_2.5组分在观测周期内的极大（或极小）值.因此,基于短期（例如,月份）高分辨观测数据的PMF分析...     

Scenario analysis of water pollution control in the typical peri-urban river using a coupled hydrodynamic-water quality model

The water quality pollution and ecological deterioration in peri-urban rivers are usually serious under rapid urbanization and economic growth. In the study, a typical peri-urban river, Nansha River, was selected as a case study to discuss the scheme of peri-urban river rehabilitation. Located in the north part of the Beijing central region, the Nansha River watershed has been designated as an ecologically friendly garden-style area with high-tech industry parks and upscale residential zones. However, the Nansha River is currently seriously contaminated by urban and rural pollutants from both nonpoint sources (NPS) and point sources (PS). In this study, the pollutant loads from point sources and nonpoint sources in the Nansha River watershed were first assessed. A coupled model, derived from the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code and Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, was developed to simulate the hydrodynamics and water quality in the Nansha River. According to the characteristics of the typical peri-urban river, three different PS and NPS control scenarios were designed and examined by modeling analyses. Based on the results of the scenario analysis, a river rehabilitation scheme was recommended for implementation.     

石油厌氧降解促进CO2的CH4转化

CO2是主要的温室气体,利用油藏进行CO2封存,并结合原油厌氧生物降解产生的H2对其进行CH4转化,将提高原油采收率,减少封存CO2长久潜在的危害.本研究以高矿化度的青海油田油井采出液为研究对象,添加碳酸氢盐进行厌氧培养,以研究其中CO2进行CH4转化的可能性.结果显示,厌氧培养体系中检测到CH4产生.且在培养过程中,碳酸氢盐添加体系内CO2相对含量降低,甲烷相对产量升高,沥青质和芳香烃组分的相对含量降低,表明青海油田油藏中存在产甲烷菌及与产甲烷过程相关的菌群,同时CO2封存利于增强原油的流动性、提高采收率.定量PCR分析表明,碳酸氢盐的添加抑制了部分微生物的生长但古菌在整个体系生命活动中的作用并未减弱,且产甲烷古菌占古菌的相对丰度明显升高.因此,在青海油田利用油藏微生物进行CO2封存并产生新甲烷能源,同时提高原油采收率具有可能性.     

稳定性二氧化氯对医院污水消毒效果研究

采用稳定性二氧化氯对医院污水进行消毒实验,结果表明,当二氧化氯质量浓度为4.5 mg/L,消毒时间为30 min,反应温度为30℃时,二氧化氯的杀菌率达到99.9%,是二氧化氯对医院污水杀菌处理的最佳条件。     

DNTF合成废水污染分析与治理初探

为了解新型高能量密度的含能材料DNTF合成的废水特性,对合成工艺过程中的污染源进行了分析,对合成过程的实际废水COD、BOD、Cl-、SO24-进行了监测。结果表明,DNTF为多步有机合成产物,合成过程中产生的废液、废水可生化性差。可通过超声空化、铁微电解、吸附等预处理提高可生化性。废水的含盐量很高,对生化影响较大。鉴于废水的酸性很强,用其生产絮凝剂,可以实现以废治废。     

微塑料污染现状及其毒性效应和机制研究进展

微塑料(microplastics,MPs)作为一种新型的环境污染物近年来逐渐引起全世界的关注,除了对生态环境的影响,微塑料对生物体的毒性效应及其潜在的健康风险也日益成为环境领域的研究热点.本文基于已有研究,阐述微塑料的污染现况,总结微塑料进入机体的分布,归纳微塑料的生物毒性作用和机制,分析微塑料毒性效应的影响因素,并展望了未来的研究方向,为进一步开展微塑料的生物毒性效应、机制研究和健康风险评估提供科学线索和参考.     

MA污水处理设备的原理及应用

本文介绍了MA延时曝气活性污泥法污水处理设备的原理、结构、特点和应用。     

Scenario analysis of water pollution control in the typical peri-urban river using a coupled hydrodynamic-water quality model

The water quality pollution and ecological deterioration in peri-urban rivers are usually serious under rapid urbanization and economic growth. In the study, a typical peri-urban river, Nansha River, was selected as a case study to discuss the scheme of peri-urban river rehabilitation. Located in the north part of the Beijing central region, the Nansha River watershed has been designated as an ecologically friendly garden-style area with high-tech industry parks and upscale residential zones. However, the Nansha River is currently seriously contaminated by urban and rural pollutants from both nonpoint sources (NPS) and point sources (PS). In this study, the pollutant loads from point sources and nonpoint sources in the Nansha River watershed were first assessed. A coupled model, derived from the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code and Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, was developed to simulate the hydrodynamics and water quality in the Nansha River. According to the characteristics of the typical peri-urban river, three different PS and NPS control scenarios were designed and examined by modeling analyses. Based on the results of the scenario analysis, a river rehabilitation scheme was recommended for implementation.     

化学沉淀法回收污泥中氮磷的影响因素研究

污水处理厂污泥上清液中富集着较高浓度溶解性的氮磷,将此部分氮磷形成磷酸盐沉淀(如磷酸氨镁、磷酸钙、磷酸铝等)加以回收利用,受到各种因素的影响.文章以正交试验得出的影响因素为基础,深入研究了pH、初始PO43--p的浓度、Mg/P和反应时间对某污水厂污泥上清液中磷酸氨镁沉淀法回收氮磷的影响.结果表明:pH是影响污泥上清液...