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11.
Luciana Migliore Gianfranco Brambilla Paolo Casoria Cinzia Civitareale Salvatore Cozzolino Luciano Gaudio 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》1996,60(2-3)
Animal wastes from intensive farming are generally collected for field fertilisation. They may contain drugs that can become soil pollutants. To evaluate the possible effects of such contamination in terrestrial systems, sulphadimethoxine has been subjected to laboratory tests (in vitro, synthetic medium, and soil) using seeds of barley (Hordeum distichum L.). The drug suppressed normal post-germinative development and growth of roots and leaves in both test conditions; this effect was dependent on the bioaccumulation rate, which was higher on synthetic medium than in soil. Bioaccumulation was higher in roots than foliage and this was markedly evident in soil and, in particular, in soils with a low humus content. The environmental risk of sludge application on soils and the possible contamination of food chains are discussed. 相似文献
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Andrea Corti Salvatore D'Antone Roberto Solaro Emo Chiellini 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1998,6(3):121-131
Different bacterial strains able to attack polyoxyethylene-type nonionic surfactants were isolated by enrichment procedure from the surface waters of the Arno River. Alkylphenol polyethoxylates and alkyl polyethoxylates, as well as polyethylene glycols, were degraded and assimilated by bacterial strains in axenic cultures. Degradative routes of polyethyleneoxide chains were investigated by matching each bacterial isolate with several types of nonionic surfactants and polyethers and by the identification of their degradation products isolated during aerobic digestion experiments. In accordance with previous reports, the first attack led to the shortening of the poly(oxyethylene) chains of the nonionic surfactants. It was found that the strains able to degrade PEG segments of nonionic surfactants possess enzymatic systems unable to degrade free PEGs, whereas those degrading the latter substrates cannot degrade PEG segments coupled to hydrophobic moieties. 相似文献
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Salvatore Pepi Alessandro Sardella Alessandra Bonazza Carmela Vaccaro 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(4):1385-1403
The identification of geographical origin of food products is important for both consumers and producers to ensure quality and avoid label falsifications. The caper plant (Capparis spinosa L., Brassicales Capparidaceae), a xerophytic shrub common in the Mediterranean area, produces buds and fruits that are commercialized in brine at high price. Those grown in Italy in the Aeolian Islands are renowned for their high quality. This study is aimed to establish a correlation between the geological and geochemical features of soil and the chemical composition of caper buds grown in two Aeolian Islands, Lipari and Salina. Major and trace elements were investigated by X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in soil and caper samples from three localities in Lipari and Salina, and data from the three sites were compared by a nonparametric test, a correlation test and multivariate statistics (principal component analysis). The results allowed to discriminate soils according to geolithological characteristics of each area and detect a statistically significant correspondence between soil and caper samples for the elements Co, Fe, Mg and Rb, identifying thus possible geochemical caper fingerprints of origin. These results may also be useful to protect the high quality of Aeolian caper products by a suitable “Made in Italy” trademark and avoid falsifications and frauds. 相似文献
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Librando V Tringali G Hjorth J Coluccia S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,127(3):403-410
Dimethylsulphide (DMS) gas phase oxidation with OH radicals was investigated by long path FT-IR spectroscopy and by ion chromatography (IC) and HPLC-MS2 to quantify the reaction products and evaluate heterogeneous processes. The experiments were performed considering two different NOx (NO2+NO) levels. The initial concentration of NO2 was varied from 24 ppbV (NOx=1 ppmV) to 953 ppbV (NOx=10 ppmV). Photolysis of H2O2 was used as the OH-radical source. SO2, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), dimethylsulphone (DMSO2), methanesulphonic acid (MSA), methanesulphinic acid (MSIA) and methane sulphonyl peroxynitrate (MSPN) were identified as the main sulphur-containing products. The results indicate that higher NOx levels play a significant role in the chemistry of CH3S(O)x radical, influencing both the SO2/MSPN ratio and the amount of the sulphur species in the condensed phase, and that the NO2/NO ratio could influence the trends in the molar yields of the different products. For this reason the NOx content results a limiting parameter when on measure DMS in atmospheric environment. 相似文献
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Finocchiaro R Meli S Gennari M 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2004,39(3):381-392
This research was carried out with the aim of obtaining information regarding the possible environmental impact of Chlorpyrifos-methyl, an organophosphoric insecticide used in agriculture for its phytoiatric action against Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. Studies relating to the degradation kinetics of the insecticide in two soils and one sediment have shown a rapid degradation process in all three. The prevalent form of degradation would appear to be the chemical type, because the degradation kinetics in a sterile soil have not demonstrated that micro-organisms play a significant part. The adsorption isotherms showed that the insecticide has a greater affinity for the sediment (Kf=143) as opposed to the soils (Kf=65) and that the adsorption process is practically irreversible. Moreover, hydrolysis tests in buffered solutions at pH 4, 7, and 9 revealed that the molecule is particularly unstable with a basic pH. 相似文献
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Giuseppa Grazia Aprile Mina Di Salvatore Giovanna Carratù Antonio Mingo Anna Maria Carafa 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,162(1-4):291-299
We compared the capacity to accumulate airborne heavy metals of two lichens (Flavoparmelia caperata and Parmotrema chinense) and one higher plant (Nerium oleander) at a very densely populated urban site near Naples. After 15, 45, 75, and 120 days of exposure at four sites with different levels of air pollution, equal portions of thalli and 20 leaves were collected, and four environmentally significant elements, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb, were measured by inductively coupled plasma analysis. To compare the accumulation rates of lichens and the vascular plant, we determined an index of relative accumulation rate of pollutants during time and the ratio between the concentrations of each element in exposed samples to that of control samples (exposed-to-control ratio). Our data indicate F. caperata as being the most suitable bioaccumulator, followed by P. chinense. N. oleander was also found to be a useful heavy metal biomonitor though not suitable as a bioaccumulator. 相似文献
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