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91.
92.
二元有机酸的络合萃取研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)对乙二酸,丙二酸,丁二酸和己二酸等二元有机酸的萃取及其影响因素。结果表明,萃取反应为中性络合萃取机理,有机相中生成1:2的萃合物;空腔效应,偶极作用和氢键等是影响萃取性能的主要因素;稀释剂,无机盐,温度及二元有机酸结构等对萃取性能都有重要影响。 相似文献
93.
Pedological characteristics of Mn mine tailings and metal accumulation by native plants 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In southern China revegetation and ecological restoration of many abandoned Mn tailings has become a major concern. To determine the major constraints for plant establishment and evaluate the feasibility of remediation, a comparative study was conducted on Mn tailings and rhizosphere soils at the boundary of the tailings pond. Both tailings and rhizosphere soils had neutral to slightly alkaline pH and normal electrical conductivity. They were both enriched with organic matter (6.8-9.2%), total N (1.77-5.94 g kg(-1)), available P (41.78-73.83 mg kg(-1)) and K (146.7-906.9 mg kg(-1)), suggesting the tailings were a nutrient rich substrate for revegetation. Mn tailings were clay textured, while rhizosphere soils were silty loam or clay loam. The compaction and anoxic nature of Mn tailings were considered to be the major constraints for plant establishment. Total Mn (31903 mg kg(-1)), Cd (119 mg kg(-1)), Cu (126 mg kg(-1)) and Zn (2490 mg kg(-1)) in tailings were all at phytotoxic levels, but did not differ significantly from those in rhizosphere soils. In both tailings and rhizosphere soils, percentages of water- and DTPA-extractable metals were less than 1% and 2% of the total metal pools, respectively. Sequential extraction revealed that the majority of Mn, Cu and Zn were associated with the residual fraction, while the majority of Cd occurred as Fe-Mn oxides. The natural succession of plants around Mn tailings formed a distinctive metal-tolerant plant community, mainly comprising nine species such as Cynodon dactylon and Humulus scandens and so on. All species studied could be good candidates for revegetation of Mn tailings. 相似文献
94.
Fan Feng Cheng-Shan Duan Xi Tang Xi Chen Xuan Lu Xi-Lin Chai Qaisar Mahmood Chong-Jian Tang Li-Yuan Chai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(5):117-127
Biological nitrogen removal process could be affected due to the presence of heavy metals owing to their toxicity and accumulation in the sludge.In this study,the impact of Cu2+shock on a long-term nitritation operation was investigated in an air-lift reactor with selfrecirculation.Both the dynamics of microbial community and inhibition kinetics under Cu2+ stress were ascertained.The results showed that Cu2+ exerted severe inhibition on nitritation performance of... 相似文献
95.
Control strategies of atmospheric mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tian H Wang Y Cheng K Qu Y Hao J Xue Z Chai F 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(5):576-586
Atmospheric mercury (Hg) emission from coal is one of the primary sources of anthropogenic discharge and pollution. China is one of the few countries in the world whose coal consumption constitutes about 70% of total primary energy, and over half of coals are burned directly for electricity generation. Atmospheric emissions of Hg and its speciation from coal-fired power plants are of great concern owing to their negative impacts on regional human health and ecosystem risks, as well as long-distance transport. In this paper, recent trends of atmospheric Hg emissions and its species split from coal-fired power plants in China during the period of 2000-2007 are evaluated, by integrating each plant's coal consumption and emission factors, which are classified by different subcategories of boilers, particulate matter (PM) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) control devices. Our results show that the total Hg emissions from coal-fired power plants have begun to decrease from the peak value of 139.19 t in 2005 to 134.55 t in 2007, though coal consumption growing steadily from 1213.8 to 1532.4 Mt, which can be mainly attributed to the co-benefit Hg reduction by electrostatic precipitators/fabric filters (ESPs/FFs) and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD), especially the sharp growth in installation of WFGD both in the new and existing power plants since 2005. In the coming 12th five-year-plan, more and more plants will be mandated to install De-NO(x) (nitrogen oxides) systems (mainly selective catalytic reduction [SCR] and selective noncatalytic reduction [SNCR]) for minimizing NO(x) emission, thus the specific Hg emission rate per ton of coal will decline further owing to the much higher co-benefit removal efficiency by the combination of SCR + ESPs/FFs + WFGD systems. Consequently, SCR + ESPs/FFs + WFGD configuration will be the main path to abate Hg discharge from coal-fired power plants in China in the near future. However advanced specific Hg removal technologies are necessary for further reduction of elemental Hg discharge in the long-term. 相似文献
96.
S.N. Linzon B.L. Chai P.J. Temple R.G. Pearson M.L. Smith 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):650-654
The degree and extent of lead contamination of urban soils and vegetation in the vicinity of secondary lead industries are provided. These urban industries, a secondary smelter reprocessing lead from used batteries and scrap metal and a manufacturer of new storage batteries, were located near residential communities. Levels as high as 21,000 ppm of lead in the upper 5 cm of soil (based on air dried weight) and 3500 and 2700 ppm in willow foliage (not washed and washed, respectively, based on dry weight) were found adjacent to the secondary smelter, with the levels decreasing exponentially from the sources. The data on lead contamination of soils and vegetation at various distances and directions from the urban secondary lead industries were compared with levels of lead found in control urban and highway locations. In addition, arsenic levels in soil were examined as a tracer for the source of industrial lead emissions. High levels of lead found In both vegetation and soil in the vicinity of the urban industries reflected both historical and current emissions of lead in those areas. These studies were conducted for industrial abatement purposes; to assist medical related epidemiology studies; to define the areas of severe contamination for soil cleanup purposes; and to formulate guidelines for excessive levels of lead in soil and vegetation. Since lead in soil is persistent, concern arises with respect to pica for small children, contamination of edible vegetables grown in high-lead soil, and reentrainment of leaded particulate matter into the air. 相似文献
97.
While phenomenological investigations of ecosystem patterns often fail to reveal underlying dynamic mechanisms, we highlight
a universal principle for pattern formation in ecosystems. We consider ecosystems to be typical complex adaptive systems that
seek an optimal process to obtain maximized flux under given constraints. An analysis of the optimal process reveals underlying
microscopic dynamic mechanisms that induce complex patterns in ecosystems. We emulate ecosystem patterns using a Self-Organization
Feature Map: an artificial neural network theoretical model by which evolution processes, structural classifications, and
the fractal growth of ecosystem patterns can be simulated. The results help us analyze the formation and dynamics of ecosystem
patterns, with attending implications for the classification, protection, and optimization of ecosystems. 相似文献
98.
电芬顿是一种高级氧化技术,其中电极材料对其处理效果有较为明显的影响.为提高电芬顿系统处理效率,选用泡沫镍电极作为阴极,以H2O2浓度为指标,探究了操作条件(pH、电流密度、曝气速率、电极间距)对其催化产H2O2性能的影响,并利用苯酚作为模拟污染物研究降解效果.实验结果表明,泡沫镍具备优异的阴极性能,其最佳工作条件为:pH=3,电流密度i=3 mA/cm2,曝气量10 L/h,电极间距3 cm,在此条件下反应60 min后H2O2浓度可达45 mg/L.使用泡沫镍作为阴极降解苯酚废水,研究了Fe2+投加量对去除率的影响.在最佳Fe2+量(40 mg/L)下,反应2 h后苯酚及COD去除率分别达到95%和80%.其降解反应符合准一级动力学方程,表观反应速率常数最大可达5.0×10-4 s-1. 相似文献
99.
经抑尘剂固化后的抗雨蚀性能是影响抑尘剂使用时效性的关键因素之一。以高分子材料——SH抑尘剂为研究对象,考虑建设场地扬尘来源(即建设场地类型土)、喷洒量、坡度、坡面形态及固化时间等因素,借助冲刷量、冲刷面破坏形态及冲刷颗粒物分布状态评价SH抑尘剂在仅固化建设场地类型土表层条件下的抗雨蚀效果。实验结果表明,SH抑尘剂可与表层土颗粒形成具有抗雨蚀能力的保护层。粉土、黏土、粉煤灰及碎石土经SH抑尘剂固化后,在暴雨强度下冲刷颗粒物少且呈散粒状,土样表面的整体完整性保持良好,无明显冲刷痕迹;SH抑尘剂对各种坡面形态及坡度均具有较好适应性,SH抑尘剂适用于场地土及裸露地表的固化;随SH抑尘剂喷量及固化时间的增加,固化土的抗雨蚀能力先增大后趋于平缓,从施工和经济角度,建议选取的SH抑尘剂喷量为1.2 kg/m2,固化时间为3 d。 相似文献
100.